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Prevention and treatment of addiction
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Prevention and treatment of addiction
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Prevention and treatment of addiction
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Journal Article
Prevention and treatment of addiction
2008
Overview
[...] in a Series In 2006, substance dependence or abuse was diagnosed in about 22.6 million persons in the United States.1 Addiction-related morbidity and mortality pose a major burden to society, costing our economy more than $500 billion annually: about $181 billion for illicit drugs,2 $168 billion for tobacco,3 and $185 billion for alcohol. 4 Loss of productivity,broken families, jail time, HIV infection, hepatitis C, and death are common sequelae of drug addiction. Prepotent methamphetamine continues to afflict communities across the country, showing marked increases in abuse consequences and in treatment admissions over the past decade-from about 48,000 admissions a year in 1995 to more than 150,000 a year in 2005.8 Although cocaine use is viewed as having stabilized somewhat, there are still about 2.4 million current cocaine users aged 12 years and older in this country.1 While marijuana use continues to decline among teenagers, it remains the most commonly used illicit drug.1 Outside the illicit drug arena, prescription drug abuse continues to gather momentum; about 7 million US persons report current (in the past month) nonmedical use of prescription drugs, mostly pain relievers-more than the number of persons abusing cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, and inhalants combined.1 In the more than 30 years since the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) was established, major strides have been made in understanding addiction as a complex disease of the brain.6 Advances in molecular biology, genetics, and neuroimaging technologies have elucidated the complexity of the opioid, dopaminergic, and other systems, greatly improving our understanding of how the brain responds to and is altered by the acute and long-term use of illicit drugs.
