Search Results Heading

MBRLSearchResults

mbrl.module.common.modules.added.book.to.shelf
Title added to your shelf!
View what I already have on My Shelf.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Oops! Something went wrong.
While trying to add the title to your shelf something went wrong :( Kindly try again later!
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
Oops! Something went wrong.
Oops! Something went wrong.
While trying to remove the title from your shelf something went wrong :( Kindly try again later!
    Done
    Filters
    Reset
  • Discipline
      Discipline
      Clear All
      Discipline
  • Is Peer Reviewed
      Is Peer Reviewed
      Clear All
      Is Peer Reviewed
  • Item Type
      Item Type
      Clear All
      Item Type
  • Subject
      Subject
      Clear All
      Subject
  • Year
      Year
      Clear All
      From:
      -
      To:
  • More Filters
23 result(s) for "食肉动物"
Sort by:
中国三北地区2011—2020年大中型兽类多样性红外相机调查状况与评估
大中型兽类是生态系统中具有标识性和重要生态功能的动物类群,了解三北地区大中型兽类物种的组成与分布现状是三北地区生物多样性保护的基础。本研究基于全面的文献检索,以中国三北地区体质量≥1 kg的陆生兽类物种为目标类群,汇总整理了2011—2020年中国三北地区目标兽类的分布数据,以红外相机实地调查的观测记录为主体,共收集到文献与数据集376份,汇总物种记录2 158条。结果显示:在三北地区2011—2020年共记录到分属6目15科的目标兽类68种,占全国目标兽类物种总数的48.23%。其中,被列为国家一级和二级重点保护野生动物的兽类分别有29种和27种,被中国红色名录评估为受威胁(CR、EN、VU)的物种有40种。三北地区中,西北地区是记录目标类群兽类物种数最多(63种)的区域,甘肃则是记录物种数最多(49种)的省级行政区。在不同动物地理分区中,青藏区是记录物种数(41种)最多的区域,内蒙古高原区的记录物种数最少(22种)。新疆是记录目标类群兽类平均体质量(81.11 kg)最大的省级行政区。三北地区目前共记录到6种大型顶级食肉动物,而北京、天津、辽宁三省市无大型顶级食肉动物记录。本研究的结果可以加深我们对近10年三北地区兽类资源现状的了解,为后续三北地区兽类物种的多样性编目更新,以及受威胁物种的研究与保护管理工作提供重要的基础资料。
中国三北地区2011-2020年大中型兽类多样性红外相机调查状况与评估
Q958.1; 大中型兽类是生态系统中具有标识性和重要生态功能的动物类群,了解三北地区大中型兽类物种的组成与分布现状是三北地区生物多样性保护的基础.本研究基于全面的文献检索,以中国三北地区体质量≥1 kg的陆生兽类物种为目标类群,汇总整理了2011-2020年中国三北地区目标兽类的分布数据,以红外相机实地调查的观测记录为主体,共收集到文献与数据集375份,汇总物种记录2 158条.结果显示:2011-2020年在三北地区共记录到分属6目15科的目标兽类68种,占全国目标兽类物种总数的48.23%.其中,被列为国家一级和二级重点保护野生动物的兽类分别有29种和27种,被中国红色名录评估为受威胁(CR、EN、VU)的物种有40种.在三北地区中,西北地区是记录目标类群兽类物种数最多(63种)的区域,甘肃则是记录物种数最多(49种)的省级行政区.在不同动物地理分区中,青藏区是记录物种数最多(41种)的区域,内蒙古高原区记录物种数最少(22种).新疆是记录目标类群兽类平均体质量最大(81.11 kg)的省级行政区.三北地区目前共记录到6种大型顶级食肉动物,而北京、天津和辽宁三省市无大型顶级食肉动物记录.本研究结果有助于增进对近10年来三北地区兽类资源现状的认识,为后续三北地区兽类物种的多样性编目更新,以及受威胁物种的研究与保护管理工作提供重要的基础资料.
人与大型食肉动物冲突的补偿措施应用成效、问题与对策
Q958.12; 在全球范围内,人与大型食肉动物的冲突越发频繁.补偿措施是缓解冲突的关键手段之一.本研究首先对人与大型食肉动物冲突情况进行简要概述,然后梳理国内外缓解该冲突的补偿措施,并总结各补偿措施在大型食肉动物中的应用情况、优劣势等.结果表明:政府等补偿主体的财政能力是直接经济补偿的重要保障,社区自主管理是确保补偿成功的关键要素,而引入市场机制能保障补偿长期可持续.中国目前的补偿措施已较为多样化,但存在资金欠缺、社区共管能力不足和补偿方案设计有缺陷等问题.有关机构还需优化补偿方案,进一步拓展资金来源渠道,并增强社区自主管理能力,宣传推广补偿方案,确保补偿到位,此外,建立包括直接经济补偿和市场化补偿的综合补偿体系,并增强配套野生动物肇事科学监测预警措施.这对于我国更科学有效地缓解人与大型食肉动物冲突,促进生态文明建设和实现昆蒙框架下\"与自然和谐共生\"的愿景具有重要现实意义.
卧龙国家级自然保护区食肉动物多样性及部分物种的食性分析
2018年3月—2019年1月,在卧龙国家级自然保护区三江片区和其他3个重要区域布设120个红外相机监测点对食肉动物(Carnivora)进行调查,以了解保护区内食肉动物的物种组成与垂直分布;依据粪便采样与DNA宏条形码分析,对粪便产生者及其食物种类进行鉴定,了解重要物种的食物组成和同域分布物种间的捕食关系。结果表明:在卧龙保护区共记录到13种食肉动物,其中分布海拔跨度最高的物种为猪獾(Arctonyx collaris),其次为豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)与黄喉貂(Martes flavigula);分布海拔跨度最小的物种为小熊猫(Ailurus fulgens),其次为狼(Canis lupus)、大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)与香鼬(Mustela altaica)。从群落组成的角度来看,记录到的高山食肉动物8种,包括猪獾、石貂(Martes foina)、香鼬、黄鼬(Mustela sibirica)、雪豹(Panthera uncia)、豹猫、狼与赤狐(Vulpes vulpes);中低山食肉动物5种,包括小熊猫、大熊猫、黑熊(Ursus thibetanus)、花面狸(Paguma larvata)、黄喉貂;海拔3500 m为这2个动物群的大致分界线。在赤狐的粪便样品中共发现5个食物MOTU,主要来自鸡形目(Galliformes)、兔形目(Lagomorpha)和啮齿目(Rodentia);豹猫样品中共发现9个食物MOTU,分别属于兔形目、啮齿目、偶蹄目(Artiodactyla)、雀形目(Passeriformes)和鸡形目。初步弄清了卧龙保护区内野生食肉动物的组成、海拔分布,结果有助于保护区食肉动物的保护与监测。
头骨形态指标鉴别水貂来源有效性的评估(英文)
人工驯养野生动物是获取野生动物产品的重要手段,但是非法盗猎的野生动物产品以人工饲养的名义进入市场,就会对野生动物的保护形成挑战。因此,准确鉴别市场上的动物产品是来自养殖场还是野外,是保护野外种群,维持养殖业正常秩序的关键。本研究以北美水貂(Neovison vison)为例,基于颧骨内侧空间(ZAS)、颧宽(ZAA和ZBA)、颅基长(BSL)、下颌长(MDL)、眶后收缩(POC)和最大面部宽度(GFB)等量度,建立了9个头骨形态计量学指标:POC/GFB、POC/BSL、POC/MDL、ZASSQRT/BSL、ZASSQRT/MDL、ZBA×BSL/2ZAS、ZBA×MDL/2ZAS、ZBB×BSL/2ZAS和ZBB×MDL/2ZAS。野生组(n=32,9雄23雌)和饲养组(n=45,35雄10雌)的比较表明,除POC/GFB外,所有指标对于在两组样品之间均有显著差异,整体判别正确率为732%—855%。在性别已知的情况下,雄性的整体正确率为824%—938%,雌性为417%—857%。为此,应针对不同性别、不同来源的动物建立相应的参考数据,利用似然比进行鉴别。本研究的结果不仅可用于北美水貂的鉴别,也为其他小型食肉动物的鉴别提供经验。
佛坪国家级自然保护区大熊猫与潜在捕食者的时空动态
了解同域分布物种的行为活动在空间和时间上的分化,从群体行为上判断其生态位分化,是揭示其共存机制的重要途径。为了探明秦岭大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)与同域分布的金钱豹(Panthera pardus)、黄喉貂(Martes flavigula)和豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)3种潜在捕食者的日活动节律、时空生态位及共存机制,于2017年1月—2019年12月在陕西佛坪国家级自然保护区利用红外相机技术开展监测。相关监测数据采用核密度估计、重叠指数和空间相关系数进行分析,结果表明:大熊猫日活动节律以昼间活动为主; 金钱豹和黄喉貂的日活动节律也为昼间活动模式,与大熊猫日活动节律重叠指数很高,且在昼间的活动强度高于大熊猫; 豹猫为典型夜间活动模式,与大熊猫日活动节律重叠指数较低。大熊猫与金钱豹的空间分布重叠程度很低,而黄喉貂和豹猫与大熊猫的空间重叠程度很高。综合时间和空间重叠程度,黄喉貂是佛坪国家级自然保护区大熊猫所面临的最具威胁的潜在捕食者。以上结果有助于综合评价秦岭野生大熊猫所面临的潜在捕食压力,为大熊猫种群保护与复壮提供科学依据。
Invasion of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides in Europe: History of colonization, features behind its success, and threats to native fauna
We aimed to review the history of the introduction and colonization of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides in Europe, the features behind its successful expansion and its impact on native fauna. The raccoon dog quickly colonized new areas after being introduced to the European part of the former Soviet Union. Today it is widespread in Northern and Eastern Europe and is still spreading in Central Europe. Features behind its success include its adaptability, high reproductive potential, omnivory, hibernation in northem areas, multiple introductions with 〉 9000 individuals from different localities, and tendency to wander enabling gene flow between populations. Firm evidence of the raccoon dog's negative impact on native fauna, such as a reduction in bird populations, is still scarce. Raccoon dogs may destroy waterfowl nests, although a nest predation study in Latvia did not confirm this. Predator removal studies in Finland suggested that the raccoon dog's impact on game birds is smaller than expected. However, raccoon dogs may have caused local extinction of frog populations, especially on islands. Raccoon dogs may compete with other carnivores for food, for example for carrion in winter, or for the best habitat patches. In northern Europe potential competitors include the red fox Vulpes vulpes and the badger Meles meles, but studies of their diets or habitat preferences do not indicate severe competition. The raccoon dog is an important vector of diseases and parasites, such as rabies, Echinococcus mul-tilocularis and Trichinella spp. and this is no doubt the most severe consequence arising from the spread of this alien species in Europe [Current Zoology 57 (5): 584-598, 2011].
陆生食肉动物社会性的比较趋势:一项多变量分析
ABSTRACT Among the order Carnivora, there is variation in the extent to which species form social groups. Typically, such variation is often studied in the context of a single variable that may impact behavior. However, the multiple interacting processes that drive plastic behaviors such as sociality and space use are likely to operate over multiple temporal and spatial scales. To quantify the relative impacts of different drivers requires an integration of the different processes across the scales at which they operate. Here we use piecewise structural equation modeling (piecewise SEM) to quantify the direct and indirect impacts of variables on behaviors including social grouping, reproduction, and space use. We analyze the role of phylogeny, environment, and community structure on sociality. Home range, social group size, and diet were shown to be most strongly influenced by life history variables, whereas reproductive output was most strongly impacted by variation in the environment.
创新市场金融机制激励与大型猫科动物共存的希望与担忧
摘要 全球对发展以市场为基础的金融机制, 引导更多私人资本投入生物多样性保护的兴趣日益浓厚。通过信贷或债券产品获得的额外资金可以为改善当地野生动物生存的成本效益比率提供希望, 并激励人类与野生动物和谐共存。然而, 保护工作错综复杂, 我们担心这些机制可能带来意想不到的后果, 特别是在保护指标考虑不足和当地受影响社区没有公平参与的情况下。在这里, 我们概述了对这些希望和担忧的看法, 特别关注大型猫科动物的保护、冲突和共存。我们鼓励保护科学家、实践者和社区成员不要将这些机制的发展完全交给金融专家, 而是在学习、提出批评和确保当地社区参与方面发挥更积极的作用。这种参与对于管理正面风险和最大化这些机制对人类与大型猫科动物共存的潜在效益至关重要。
景观组成和与水的距离影响矮草草原中美洲獾的占域率
ABSTRACT Land use change in prairie ecosystems is pervasive. Prairie obligate species may be affected by these changes, though many carnivore‐specific examples are unknown. We used 3 years (2018–2020) of camera‐trap (n = 381) data from Kansas, USA, to assess multiscale effects of landscape composition on habitat use by American badgers (badger, Taxidea taxus). We predicted that site occupancy and colonization would be positively associated with the amount of prairie surrounding sites. We also predicted that site occupancy and colonization would be negatively related to amounts of agriculture and the number of wind towers surrounding sites. Badgers were insensitive to amounts of prairie surrounding sites and likely to occupy and colonize sites surrounded by row‐crop agriculture. Badgers were also less likely to occupy sites farther from permanent water. Badgers may be exploiting agricultural areas because of increased prey densities or suitable burrowing substrates. Moreover, our study highlights the importance of water resources to badgers in arid regions.