eBook

Distortions to agricultural incentives in Africa

Masters, William A, Anderson, Kym

2009

Overview

The vast majority of the world's poorest households depend on farming for their livelihoods. During the 1960s and 1970s, most developing countries imposed pro-urban and anti-agricultural policies, while many high-income countries restricted agricultural imports and subsidized their farmers. Both sets of policies inhibited economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries. Although progress has been made over the past two decades to reduce those policy biases, many trade- and welfare-reducing price distortions remain between agriculture and other sectors and within the agricultural sector of both rich and poor countries. Comprehensive empirical studies of the disarray in world agricultural markets appeared approximately 20 years ago. Since then, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has provided estimates each year of market distortions in high-income countries, but there have been no comparable estimates for the world's developing countries. This volume is the third in a series (other volumes cover Asia, Europe's transition economies, and Latin America and the Caribbean) that not only fills that void for recent years but extends the estimates in a consistent and comparable way back in time—and provides analytical narratives for scores of countries that shed light on the evolving nature and extent of policy interventions over the past half-century. 'Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Africa' provides an overview of the evolution of distortions to agricultural incentives caused by price and trade policies in the Arab Republic of Egypt plus 20 countries that account for about of 90 percent of Sub-Saharan Africa's population, farm households, agricultural output, and overall GDP. Sectoral, trade, and exchange rate policies in the region have changed greatly since the 1950s, and there have been substantial reforms since the 1980s. Nonetheless, numerous price distortions in this region remain, others have been added in recent years, and there has also been some backsliding, such as in Zimbabwe. The new empirical indicators in these country studies provide a strong evidence-based foundation for assessing the successes and failures of the past and for evaluating policy options for the years ahead.

• Publisher: World Bank,World Bank Publications,The World Bank
• Subject: Africa / Africa -- Economic policy / AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK / AFRICAN FARMERS / Afrika / Agrargesellschaft / Agrarmarkt / Agrarpolitik / Agrarpreise / Agrarproduktion / AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT / AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS / AGRICULTURAL EXPORT / AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS / AGRICULTURAL GROWTH / AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES / AGRICULTURAL LAND / AGRICULTURAL MARKETS / AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT / AGRICULTURAL POLICIES / AGRICULTURAL POLICY / AGRICULTURAL POLICY ISSUES / AGRICULTURAL PRICE / AGRICULTURAL PRICES / AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION / AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY / AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH / AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER / AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTERS / AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION / Agricultural subsidies / Agricultural subsidies -- Africa / AGRICULTURAL TRADE / AGRICULTURE / Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- Africa / Agriculture and state / Agriculture and state -- Africa / AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION / ANIMAL DISEASE / Anreiz / Anreize / BALANCE SHEET / BEAN / BEEF / Benin / BIOTECHNOLOGY / BORDER PRICES / Burkina Faso / CASH CROPS / CASSAVA / CENTRAL PLANNING / COCOA / COFFEE / COMMODITIES / COMMODITY / COMMODITY PRICES / COMMON MARKET / COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE / COMPETITIVENESS / CONSUMER ECONOMICS / CONSUMER FOOD SUBSIDIES / CONSUMERS / COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE / COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER / COTTON / COUNTRY TO COUNTRY / CROP / CROPS / Côte d'Ivoire / DATES / DEPOSITS / DEVELOPING COUNTRIES / DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE / DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS / Development policy / DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH / DISEASE CONTROL / DOLLAR VALUE / DOLLAR VALUES / DOMESTIC MARKET / DOMESTIC MARKETS / DOMESTIC PRICE / DOMESTIC PRICES / Economic aspects / ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT / ECONOMIC GROWTH / Economic policy / ECONOMICS / ECONOMICS RESEARCH / EMERGING ECONOMIES / EUROPEAN COMMISSION / EXCHANGE RATE / EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES / EXCHANGE RATES / EXPORT SECTOR / EXPORTS / EXTENSION / EXTREME POVERTY / FAO / FARM PRODUCTS / FARMERS / FARMING / FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS / FOOD AVAILABILITY / FOOD CONSUMPTION / FOOD POLICY / FOOD POLICY RESEARCH / FOOD PRICES / FOOD PRODUCERS / FOOD PRODUCTS / FOOD STAPLES / FOOD SUPPLIES / FOREIGN CURRENCY / FOREIGN EXCHANGE / GATT / GDP PER CAPITA / Ghana / GLOBAL EXPORTS / GLOBAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT / GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT / GROSS VALUE / GROUNDNUT / GROWTH RATE / HUNGER / IMPERFECT COMPETITION / INSURANCE / INTEGRATION / INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE DRY AREAS / INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE / INTERNATIONAL TRADE / Interventionspolitik (Wirtschaft) / Kamerun / Kenia / Kommerzialisierung / LAND REFORM / Landwirtschaft / LIVELIHOODS / LIVESTOCK / LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS / Länderbericht / Madagaskar / MAIZE / Mali / MARKET PRICES / MARKET STRUCTURE / MEAL / MEAT / MILK / MILLET / Mosambik / MULTILATERAL TRADE / NASH / NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH / NET EXPORTS / Nigeria / OILSEEDS / OUTPUTS / PALM OIL / PER CAPITA INCOME / PER CAPITA INCOMES / PLANTAIN / Policy analysis / POLITICAL ECONOMY / POLITICAL REGIME / POLITICAL SCIENCE / POULTRY / POVERTY ALLEVIATION / POVERTY INCIDENCE / POWER PARITY / Preispolitik / PRICE DISTORTIONS / PROCESSED FOODS / PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH / PULSES / PURCHASING POWER / REAL GDP / REGIONAL INTEGRATION / RURAL DEVELOPMENT / RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE / Sambia / Senegal / SHEEP / SHEEP MEAT / Simbabwe / SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT / SORGHUM / SOYBEAN / STAPLE FOODS / STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT / STRUCTURAL CHANGE / Subvention / Sudan / SUGAR / SUGAR SORGHUM / SUPERMARKET / Südafrikanische Republik / Tansania / TAX / TAXATION / TEA / Togo / TRADE LIBERALIZATION / TRADE NEGOTIATIONS / TRADE POLICIES / TRADE POLICY / TRANSITION ECONOMIES / Tschad / Uganda / UNITED NATIONS / UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS / UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX / URBAN POVERTY / VALUE ADDED / VANILLA / WHEAT / Wirtschaftspolitik / Wirtschaftsreformen / WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS / WORLD TRADE / WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION / WTO / YAM / Ägypten / Äthiopien
• ISBN: 9780821376645, 9780821376522, 0821376640, 0821376527