Journal Article

Development and Validation of the Simplified Chinese Version of the Injustice Experience Questionnaire with Cross-Cultural Adaptation

Goto, Yuri, Sullivan, Michael J. L., Zhou, Yuemin, Wang, Lei, Cui, Meishan, Yamada, Keiko, Liu, Keyang, Lu, Yuquan, Yakobov, Esther, Cui, Renzhe

2024

Overview

In the context of pain and pain-related disability, perceived injustice is conceptualized as an appraisal process characterized by a tendency to view one’s losses as severe and irreparable and attribute blame for one’s suffering to others. Previous research measured perceived injustice using the Injustice Experiences Questionnaire (IEQ). However, a Simplified Chinese language version of the IEQ (IEQ-SC) is required for the population who use Simplified Chinese. This study aimed to develop the IEQ-SC and examine its psychometric properties. The IEQ-SC was administered to 212 patients with musculoskeletal injury aged 21–83 years who visited the hospital. Participants completed several patient-reported outcome measures: the IEQ-SC, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) pain intensity measured by a numerical rating scale (NRS), and the BPI pain interference. The factor structures of the IEQ-SC were investigated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Construct validity was assessed between the IEQ-SC and PCS, NRS, and BPI pain interference using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach’s α, and test–retest reliability was evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The two-factor model, which was identical to the IEQ-SC factor structure and had good fit indices, differs from both the original two-factor model and the three-factor model identical to the Japanese version. The IEQ-SC demonstrated adequate construct validity and high internal consistency and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.92; ICC = 0.97). Preliminary analyses suggest the IEQ-SC is a reliable and valid measure of pain-related injustice perceptions among Chinese patients with musculoskeletal injury.

• Publisher: Springer US,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Arthritis / Behavioral Science and Psychology / Blame / Catastrophic reactions / Chinese languages / Clinical Psychology / Compensation / Confirmatory factor analysis / Construct validity / Cross-sectional studies / Cultural factors / Employment / Factor analysis / Factor structures / Injuries / Injustice / Japanese language / Justice / Law and Psychology / Measures / Pain / Patients / Perceptions / Population / Property / Psychology / Quantitative psychology / Questionnaires / Reliability / Test validity and reliability / Variables