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Journal Article
Global cities and the geographical transfer of value
2019
Overview
The central argument of this article is that global cities are, due to their clustering of producer service firms, critical governance nodes in global production networks. More in particular, the article scrutinises the role of producer service firms in uneven development and, especially, in the geographical transfer of value (Hadjimichalis, 1984). Because the direct as well as the indirect mechanisms through which value is transferred geographically require the intervention of producer service firms, global cities can be theorised as governance nodes for centripetal wealth transfers along global commodity chains. Moreover, and in the context of the persisting criticism that the global city concept has a bias towards Northern/Western cities, the article argues that the claim that global cities are critical places for the organisation of uneven development also holds for cities beyond ‘the usual suspects’. Referring to cases of how producer service firms in Hamburg and Mexico City erect entry barriers to protect their clients from competition and of how they shape labour relations at the expense of employees, I have maintained that governance is, as Sassen (2010: 158) has argued, indeed ‘embedded’ into the services provided. From that follows that even ‘minor’ global cities are strategic governance places from where the transfer of wealth towards the centres of the world economy is organised.
本文的中心观点是：全球城市由于聚集了生产性服务公司，是全球生产网络中的关键治理节点。更具体而言，本文审视了生产性服务公司在不均衡发展中的作用，尤其是其在价值的地理转移 (Hadjimichalis, 1984) 中所起的作用。由于价值在地理上转移的直接机制和间接机制需要生产性服务公司的介入，全球城市可在理论上表述为全球商品链上向心式财富转移的治理节点。此外，鉴于学界持续批评全球城市概念有着北半球/西方城市偏见，本文指出，全球城市是不均衡发展之组织过程的关键之地，这一论断对于“通常嫌疑”范围之外的城市也适用。本文以汉堡和墨西哥城为案例，讨论了这两座城市的生产性服务公司如何树起进入屏障来保护其客户遭遇竞争，并且如何以牺牲员工为代价塑造劳动关系，重申了 Sassen (2010: 158) 的观点：治理实际上“植入”了所提供的服务中。由此推论，即使“小型”的全球城市，也是财富向世界经济中心转移进程的战略性治理之地。
