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Worldwide circulation of HSV-2 × HSV-1 recombinant strains

by Diem, Kurt , Johnston, Christine , Russell, Ronnie M. , Huang, Meei-Li , Fitzgibbon, Matthew P. , Celum, Connie , Norberg, Peter , Stensland, Larry , Jing, Lichen , Koelle, David M. , Xie, Hong , Magaret, Amalia S. , Selke, Stacy , Lingappa, Jairam R. , Jerome, Keith R. , Greninger, Alex L. , Wald, Anna

in 631/326/596/1553 / 631/337/149 / Africa - epidemiology / Deoxyribonucleic acid / DNA / Female / Genes / Genotype / Genotypes / Herpes simplex / Herpes Simplex - epidemiology / Herpes Simplex - genetics / Herpes viruses / Herpesvirus 1, Human - genetics / Herpesvirus 1, Human - isolation & purification / Herpesvirus 2, Human - genetics / Herpesvirus 2, Human - isolation & purification / HIV / Human immunodeficiency virus / Humanities and Social Sciences / Humans / Infections / Laboratories / Male / Medical research / multidisciplinary / North America - epidemiology / Phylogeny / Recombinants / Recombination / Recombination, Genetic / Science / South America - epidemiology / Strains (organisms) / Vaccines

2017

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Worldwide circulation of HSV-2 × HSV-1 recombinant strains

2017

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2017

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Journal Article

Worldwide circulation of HSV-2 × HSV-1 recombinant strains

Diem, Kurt,

Johnston, Christine,

Russell, Ronnie M.,

Huang, Meei-Li,

Fitzgibbon, Matthew P.,

Celum, Connie,

Norberg, Peter,

Stensland, Larry,

Jing, Lichen,

Koelle, David M.,

Xie, Hong,

Magaret, Amalia S.,

Selke, Stacy,

Lingappa, Jairam R.,

Jerome, Keith R.,

Greninger, Alex L.,

Wald, Anna

2017

Overview

Homo sapiens harbor two distinct, medically significant species of simplexviruses , herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and HSV-2, with estimated divergence 6–8 million years ago (MYA). Unexpectedly, we found that circulating HSV-2 strains can contain HSV-1 DNA segments in three distinct genes. Using over 150 genital swabs from North and South America and Africa, we detected recombinants worldwide. Common, widely distributed gene UL39 genotypes are parsimoniously explained by an initial >457 basepair (bp) HSV-1 × HSV-2 crossover followed by back-recombination to HSV-2. Blocks of >244 and >539 bp of HSV-1 DNA within genes UL29 and UL30, respectively, have reached near fixation, with a minority of strains retaining sequences we posit as ancestral HSV-2. Our data add to previous in vitro and animal work, implying that in vivo cellular co-infection with HSV-1 and HSV-2 yields viable interspecies recombinants in the natural human host.

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Publisher

Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group

Subject

631/326/596/1553

/ 631/337/149

/ Africa - epidemiology

/ Deoxyribonucleic acid

/ DNA

/ Female

/ Genes