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Influence of Different Catalytic Metals on the Formation of PCDD/Fs during Co-combustion of Sewage Sludge and Coal
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Influence of Different Catalytic Metals on the Formation of PCDD/Fs during Co-combustion of Sewage Sludge and Coal
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Journal Article
Influence of Different Catalytic Metals on the Formation of PCDD/Fs during Co-combustion of Sewage Sludge and Coal
2022
Overview
Co-combustion of sewage sludge (SS) and coal was developed rapidly in China, however, less attention was paid to the formation characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-
p
-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and the influence factors, such as the catalytic metals (CuCl
2
, FeCl
3
, ZnCl
2
, CuO, Fe
2
O
3
, and ZnO), sources of carbon and chlorine. During the co-combustion of SS (2.5 wt.%) and coal (97.5 wt.%), the formation content of PCDD/Fs was 0.51 ng g
–1
and 0.01 ng I-TEQ g
–1
. By adding metal chlorides (2.0 wt.% CuCl
2
, FeCl
3
, and ZnCl
2
), the formation contents of PCDD/Fs were increased significantly to 148.99, 67.38, and 53.63 ng g
–1
(i.e., 2.10, 1.09, and 1.34 ng I-TEQ g
–1
), respectively, while the metal oxides (2.0 wt.% CuO, Fe
2
O
3
, and ZnO) only increased the PCDD/F contents to 1.27, 0.76, and 0.57 ng g
–1
(0.03, 0.01, and 0.02 ng I-TEQ g
–1
), respectively. That is, the promotion effect of different metal additives on PCDD/F formation followed a sequence of CuCl
2
(292×) > FeCl
3
(132×) > ZnCl
2
(105×) ≫ CuO (2.5×) > Fe
2
O
3
(1.5×) > ZnO (1.1×), wherein the metal chlorides showed 2 orders of magnitude higher promotion than that of metal oxides. The proportion of highly chlorinated PCDD/Fs was further increased after adding metal chlorides, while the additional metal oxides decreased it. The de novo synthesis was revealed as the major formation pathway of PCDD/Fs except for adding ZnO. The CuCl
2
and FeCl
3
can also enhance the chlorination routes to generate PCDD/Fs. Only ZnO showed the promotion effect on the CP-route. The chlorine source was an essential limiting factor for generating PCDD/Fs, and the chlorine from metal chlorides was the preference source compared with that contained in SS and coal. The results have important reference value for controlling PCDD/Fs formation in the co-combustion process of SS and coal.
