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Molecular investigation of Leishmania in sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Nahavand, west of Iran
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Molecular investigation of Leishmania in sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Nahavand, west of Iran
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Molecular investigation of Leishmania in sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Nahavand, west of Iran
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Journal Article
Molecular investigation of Leishmania in sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Nahavand, west of Iran
2024
Overview
Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by different species of
Leishmania
is transmitted by Phlebotominae sandflies. This disease remains a public health concern in Iran. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine
Leishmania
infection in sandflies and reservoir rodents in six rural regions of Nahavand, located in western Iran. From May to October 2022, sandflies and rodents were collected and identified at the species level. Additionally, rodents’ skin lesions and earlobe specimens were collected separately for microscopic and molecular examination. All specimens were tested for
Leishmania
DNA by PCRs targeting the parasite’s ITS-2 and 18S rRNA gene and positive were Sanger sequenced. A total of 3396 sandflies belonging to seven subgenera and 11 species, i.e.,
Phlebotomus papatasi
(42.7%),
P. major
(20.6%),
P. mascitti
(0.3%),
P. neglectus
(0.2%),
P. alexandri
(0.2%),
P. turanicus
(0.3%),
Sergentomyia murgabiensis
(18.1%),
S. dentata
(10.5%),
S. theodori
(5.8%),
S. antennata
(1.1%), and
S. pawlowski
(0.1%) were identified. Based on the species population, 29 pools of sandflies were examined for the presence of
Leishmania
DNA using conventional PCR (cPCR), and individual DNAs were tested when positive.
Leishmania major
DNA was detected in two
P. papatasi
and
Leishmania
sp. in one
P. major
individual sandfly. This is the first report of
Leishmania
infection in sandflies from Hamadan province. The captured rodents (
n
= 61) belonged to four families and seven species, i.e.,
Arvicola amphibius
(37.7%),
Mus musculus
(29.5%),
Microtus socialis
(13.1%),
Apodemus sylvaticus
(11.5%),
Talpa davidiana
(4.9%),
Apodemus witherbyi
(1.6%), and
Rattus norvegicus
(1.6%). Microscopic and molecular examinations of the rodent lesions and earlobes scored negative results. The presence of
Leishmania
in the Phlebotominae sandflies in Nahavand indicates a potential threat to humans and animals in the region. Regular monitoring and examination of the sandflies’ population and timely diagnosis and treatment of new patients are strongly recommended.
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ DNA
/ Ethanol
/ Female
/ Females
/ genes
/ Iran
/ Leishmania - isolation & purification
/ Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - parasitology
/ Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - transmission
/ Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - veterinary
/ Male
/ Microtus
/ Protozoa
/ Psychodidae - classification
/ RNA, Ribosomal, 18S - genetics
/ Rodents
/ rRNA 18S
/ Species
/ Talpa
/ Zoonoses
