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Critically evaluating best management practices for preventing freshwater turtle extinctions
by
Spencer, R.-J.
, Van Dyke, J.U.
, Thompson, Michael B.
in
adults
/ Anthropogenic factors
/ Australia
/ best management practices
/ Breeding
/ Captive breeding
/ Chelodina
/ Chelodina longicollis
/ conservación ex situ
/ Conservation
/ death
/ depredadores invasores
/ Eggs
/ Endangered & extinct species
/ Endangered species
/ ex situ conservation
/ Extinction
/ females
/ Foxes
/ Fresh water
/ Freshwater
/ Freshwater tortoises
/ harvest populations
/ headstarting
/ History
/ Individual rearing
/ inicio con ventaja
/ Inland water environment
/ Interspecific relationships
/ Introduced species
/ invasive predators
/ Invasive species
/ Life history
/ Management
/ mortalidad en carreteras
/ Mortality
/ Motor vehicles
/ neonates
/ nests
/ poblaciones de cosecha
/ Population dynamics
/ Population growth
/ Population viability
/ population viability analysis
/ Predation
/ Rare species
/ rearing
/ Recruitment
/ Recruitment (fisheries)
/ Reintroduction
/ Reptiles & amphibians
/ risk
/ road kills
/ road mortality
/ roads
/ Species extinction
/ Threatened species
/ Turtles
/ vehicles (equipment)
/ Vulpes vulpes
/ Wildlife conservation
/ zorros
2017
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Critically evaluating best management practices for preventing freshwater turtle extinctions
by
Spencer, R.-J.
, Van Dyke, J.U.
, Thompson, Michael B.
in
adults
/ Anthropogenic factors
/ Australia
/ best management practices
/ Breeding
/ Captive breeding
/ Chelodina
/ Chelodina longicollis
/ conservación ex situ
/ Conservation
/ death
/ depredadores invasores
/ Eggs
/ Endangered & extinct species
/ Endangered species
/ ex situ conservation
/ Extinction
/ females
/ Foxes
/ Fresh water
/ Freshwater
/ Freshwater tortoises
/ harvest populations
/ headstarting
/ History
/ Individual rearing
/ inicio con ventaja
/ Inland water environment
/ Interspecific relationships
/ Introduced species
/ invasive predators
/ Invasive species
/ Life history
/ Management
/ mortalidad en carreteras
/ Mortality
/ Motor vehicles
/ neonates
/ nests
/ poblaciones de cosecha
/ Population dynamics
/ Population growth
/ Population viability
/ population viability analysis
/ Predation
/ Rare species
/ rearing
/ Recruitment
/ Recruitment (fisheries)
/ Reintroduction
/ Reptiles & amphibians
/ risk
/ road kills
/ road mortality
/ roads
/ Species extinction
/ Threatened species
/ Turtles
/ vehicles (equipment)
/ Vulpes vulpes
/ Wildlife conservation
/ zorros
2017
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Critically evaluating best management practices for preventing freshwater turtle extinctions
by
Spencer, R.-J.
, Van Dyke, J.U.
, Thompson, Michael B.
in
adults
/ Anthropogenic factors
/ Australia
/ best management practices
/ Breeding
/ Captive breeding
/ Chelodina
/ Chelodina longicollis
/ conservación ex situ
/ Conservation
/ death
/ depredadores invasores
/ Eggs
/ Endangered & extinct species
/ Endangered species
/ ex situ conservation
/ Extinction
/ females
/ Foxes
/ Fresh water
/ Freshwater
/ Freshwater tortoises
/ harvest populations
/ headstarting
/ History
/ Individual rearing
/ inicio con ventaja
/ Inland water environment
/ Interspecific relationships
/ Introduced species
/ invasive predators
/ Invasive species
/ Life history
/ Management
/ mortalidad en carreteras
/ Mortality
/ Motor vehicles
/ neonates
/ nests
/ poblaciones de cosecha
/ Population dynamics
/ Population growth
/ Population viability
/ population viability analysis
/ Predation
/ Rare species
/ rearing
/ Recruitment
/ Recruitment (fisheries)
/ Reintroduction
/ Reptiles & amphibians
/ risk
/ road kills
/ road mortality
/ roads
/ Species extinction
/ Threatened species
/ Turtles
/ vehicles (equipment)
/ Vulpes vulpes
/ Wildlife conservation
/ zorros
2017
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Critically evaluating best management practices for preventing freshwater turtle extinctions
Journal Article
Critically evaluating best management practices for preventing freshwater turtle extinctions
2017
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Overview
Ex situ conservation tools, such as captive breeding for reintroduction, are considered a last resort to recover threatened or endangered species, but they may also help reduce anthropogenic threats where it is difficult or impossible to address them directly. Headstarting, or captive rearing of eggs or neonate animals for subsequent release into the wild, is controversial because it treats only a symptom of a larger conservation problem; however, it may provide a mechanism to address multiple threats, particularly near population centers. We conducted a population viability analysis of Australia's most widespread freshwater turtle, Chelodina longicollis, to determine the effect of adult roadkill (death by collision with motor vehicles), which is increasing, and reduced recruitment through nest predation from introduced European red foxes (Vulpes vulpesj. We also modeled management scenarios to test the effectiveness of headstarting, fox management, and measures to reduce mortality on roads. Only scenarios with headstarting from source populations eliminated all risks of extinction and allowed population growth. Small increases in adult mortality (2%) had the greatest effect on population growth and extinction risk. Where threats simultaneously affected other life-history stages (e.g., recruitment), eliminating harvest pressures on adult females alone did not eliminate the risk of population extinction. In our models, one source population could supply enough hatchlings annually to supplement 25 other similar-sized populations such that extinction was avoided. Based on our results, we believe headstarting should be a primary tool for managing freshwater turtles for which threats affect multiple life-history stages. We advocate the creation of source populations for managing freshwater turtles that are greatly threatened at multiple life-history stages, such as depredation of eggs by invasive species and adult mortality via roadkill. Las herramientas de conservación ex situ, como la crianza en cautiverio para la reintroducción, son consideradas como el último recurso para recuperar a las especies amenazadas o en peligro, pero también pueden ayudar a reducir las amenazas antropogénicas en donde es difícil o imposible tratarlas directamente. El inicio con ventaja, o la crianza en cautiverio de huevos o animales neonatos para su liberación subsecuente a lá vida libre, es controversial porque solamente trata un síntoma de un problema mayor de la conservación; sin embargo, puede proporcionar un mecanismo para lidiar con múltiples amenazas, particularmente cerca de los centros poblacionales. Realizamos un análisis de viabilidad poblacional con la tortuga de agua dulce con mayor distribución en Australia, Chelodiina longicollis, para determinar el efecto de los atropellamientos de adultos (muerte por colisión con automóviles),los cuales son cada vez más frecuentes,y redujimos el reclutamiento por medio de la depredación de nidos realizada por los zorros rojos Europeos introducidos (Yulpes vulpes). También modelamos escenarios de manejo para evaluar la efectividad del inicio con ventaja, el manejo de los zorros y las medidas para reducir la mortalidad en los caminos. Sólo los escenarios con inicio con ventaja a partir de poblaciones fuente eliminaron todos los riesgos de extinción y permitieron el crecimiento de la población. Los pequeños incrementos en la mortalidad adulta (2%) tuvieron el mayor efecto sobre el crecimiento poblacionaly el riesgo de extinción. En donde las amenazas afectaron simultáneamente a otras etapas de la ontogenia (p. ej.: el reclutamiento),sólo controlar las presiones de cosecha sobre las hembras no eliminó el riesgo de extinción de la población. En nuestros modelos, una población fuente pudo proporcionar suficientes crías para abastecer a otras 25 poblaciones de tamaño similar de tal forma que se evitó la extinción. Con base en nuestros resultados, creemos que el inicio con ventaja debería ser una herramienta primaria para el manejo de tortugas de agua dulce para las cuales las amenazas afectan a múltiples etapas de la ontogenia. Proponemos la creación de poblaciones fuente para el manejo de tortugas de agua dulce que están enormemente amenazadas durante varias etapas de su historia de vida, como la depredación de los huevos por especies invasoras o la mortalidad adulta por atropellamientos.
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