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Hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis for the development of breast capsular contracture
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Hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis for the development of breast capsular contracture
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Journal Article
Hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis for the development of breast capsular contracture
2019
Overview
Fibrosis has been considered as a major cause of capsular contracture. Hypoxia has widely emerged as one of the driving factors for fibrotic diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hypoxia-induced fibrosis and breast capsular contracture formation. Fibrosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vimentin, fibronectin, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in tissues from patients with capsular contracture were determined according to the Baker classification system. Normal breast skin cells in patients with capsular contracture after implant-based breast surgery and NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts were cultured with cobalt chloride (CoCl
2
) to mimic hypoxic conditions. Treatment responses were determined by detecting the expression of HIF-1α, vimentin, fibronectin, N-cadherin, snail, twist, occludin, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and -2, as well as phosphorylated ERK. The expression levels of HIF-1α, vimentin, fibronectin, and fibrosis as well as EMT were positively correlated with the severity of capsular contracture. MMP-9 expression was negatively correlated the Baker score. Hypoxia up-regulated the expression of HIF-1α, vimentin, fibronectin, N-cadherin, snail, twist, TIMP-1 and -2, as well as phosphorylated ERK in normal breast skin cells and NIH3T3. Nonetheless, the expression levels of MMP-9 and occludin were down-regulated in response to CoCl
2
treatment. This study is the first to demonstrate the association of hypoxia-induced fibrosis and capsular contracture.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ 13/51
/ 692/4017
/ 96
/ Animals
/ Breast
/ Breast Implants - adverse effects
/ Cobalt
/ Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition - physiology
/ Extracellular Matrix - pathology
/ Female
/ Fibrosis
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Hypoxia
/ Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit - metabolism
/ Implant Capsular Contracture - metabolism
/ Implant Capsular Contracture - pathology
/ Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 - metabolism
/ Mice
/ Patients
/ Science
/ Skin
/ Surgery
/ Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1
/ Vimentin
