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Biocompatibility analysis of titanium bone wedges coated by antibacterial ceramic-polymer layer
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Journal Article
Biocompatibility analysis of titanium bone wedges coated by antibacterial ceramic-polymer layer
2024
Overview
This paper presents the surface treatment results of titanium, veterinary bone wedges. The functional coating is composed of a porous oxide layer (formed by a plasma electrolytic oxidation process) and a polymer poly(sebacic anhydride) (PSBA) layer loaded with amoxicillin (formed by dip coatings). The coatings were porous and composed of Ca (4.16%-6.54%) and P (7.64%-9.89% determined by scanning electron microscopy with EDX) in the upper part of the implant. The titanium bone wedges were hydrophilic (54° water contact angle) and rough (surface area (Sa):1.16 μm) The surface tension determined using diiodomethane was 68.6 ± 2.0° for the anodized implant and was similar for hybrid coatings: 60.7 ± 2.2°. 12.87 ± 0.91 µg/mL of amoxicillin was released from the implants during the first 30 min after immersion in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. This concentration was enough to inhibit the
Staphylococcus aureus
ATCC 25923, and
Staphylococcus epidermidis
ATCC12228 growth. The obtained inhibition zones were between 27.3 ± 2.1 mm–30.7 ± 0.6 mm when implant extract after 1 h or 4 h immersion in PBS was collected. Various implant biocompatibility analyses were performed under in vivo conditions, including pyrogen test (3 rabbits), intracutaneous reactivity (3 rabbits, 5 places by side), acute systemic toxicity (20 house mice), and local lymph node assay (LLNA) (20 house mice). The extracts from implants were collected in polar and non-polar solutions, and the tests were conducted according to ISO 10993 standards. The results from the
in vivo
tests showed, that the implant’s extracts are not toxic (mass body change below 5%), not sensitizing (SI < 1.6), and do not show the pyrogen effect (changes in the temperature 0.15ºC). The biocompatibility tests were performed in a certificated laboratory with a good laboratory practice certificate after all the necessary permissions.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ Animals
/ Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
/ Biocompatible Materials - chemistry
/ Biocompatible Materials - pharmacology
/ Bone and Bones - drug effects
/ Coated Materials, Biocompatible - chemistry
/ Coated Materials, Biocompatible - pharmacology
/ Coatings
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ In vivo
/ Mice
/ Polymer
/ Polymers
/ Pyrogens
/ Scanning electron microscopy
/ Science
/ Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects
/ Staphylococcus epidermidis - drug effects
/ Titanium
/ Toxicity
