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Murraya koenigii methanolic extract inhibits bacterial growth and biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis
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Journal Article
Murraya koenigii methanolic extract inhibits bacterial growth and biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis
2025
Overview
Hospital-acquired infections caused by
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Enterococcus faecalis
are significant global health challenges due to their biofilm-forming ability, also contributing to the derived antibiotic resistance and environmental persistence. This growing resistance poses serious global health challenges, emphasizing the need for better surveillance and new treatments. Plant-derived bioactives have emerged as possible therapeutics to such opportunistic pathogens and they are potential alternatives to traditional antimicrobials. This study investigates the in vitro activity of
Murraya koenigii’s
methanolic (MKM) leaf extract and its compounds against the growth and biofilm-forming ability of
S. aureus
and
E. faecalis
. Results revealed that the MKM extract effectively inhibited the growth of
S. aureus
and
E. faecalis
at their respective MIC levels. Furthermore, flow cytometry and confocal imaging demonstrated substantial membrane damage in MKM-treated cells compared to DMSO-treated and untreated controls. Additionally, the MKM extract significantly disrupts biofilm formation and leads to reduced extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production. Scanning electron microscopy provided visual evidence of disrupted biofilm architecture following MKM extract treatment. HR-LC/MS analysis identified bioactive compounds within the extract, which were further evaluated for drug-likeness properties through ADME analysis.
In silico
molecular docking studies confirmed strong binding affinities of MKM-derived compounds with key biofilm-related receptor proteins, SpA in
S. aureus
and Esp in
E. faecalis
. These findings highlight the significant potential of MKM extract as a novel and effective phytotherapeutic resource for developing strategies to combat biofilm-associated infections.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 631/449
/ Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry
/ Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
/ Bacteria
/ Biofilm
/ Biofilms
/ Biofilms - growth & development
/ Enterococcus faecalis - drug effects
/ Enterococcus faecalis - growth & development
/ Enterococcus faecalis - physiology
/ EPS
/ Ethanol
/ HR-LC/MS
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Leaves
/ Molecular Docking Simulation
/ Plant Extracts - pharmacology
/ Proteins
/ Scanning electron microscopy
/ Science
/ Solvents
/ Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects
/ Staphylococcus aureus - growth & development
