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Pathogenic human autoantibodies against NMDA receptor alter dendritic spine size
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Pathogenic human autoantibodies against NMDA receptor alter dendritic spine size
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Journal Article
Pathogenic human autoantibodies against NMDA receptor alter dendritic spine size
2026
Overview
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis (NMDARE) is an autoimmune neurological disorder associated with anti-NMDAR antibodies (NMDAR-Ab), leading to synaptic dysfunction. While the effect of NMDAR-Ab on receptor internalization is well documented, its effect on dendritic protrusion morphology remains unclear. To investigate how NMDAR-Ab alters dendritic protrusion size and the associated molecular mechanisms using patient-derived sera. Cultured hippocampal neurons were treated with sera from patients with NMDARE. Protrusion size and the phosphorylation of cofilin, a regulator of actin dynamics, were also assessed. Exposure to NMDAR-Ab significantly decreased dendritic protrusion width and length while increasing protrusion density. Mechanistically, NMDAR-Ab decreased cofilin phosphorylation in dendritic protrusions. The reduction in spine size was partially reversible upon discontinuation of antibody treatment, except for the reduction in phosphorylated cofilin levels. NMDAR-Ab induced changes in dendritic protrusion size, along with alterations in actin dynamics, which may contribute to the cognitive and behavioral symptoms of NMDARE.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 692/617
/ Actin
/ Actin Depolymerizing Factors - metabolism
/ Animals
/ Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis - blood
/ Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis - immunology
/ Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis - pathology
/ Cofilin
/ Dendritic Spines - immunology
/ Dendritic Spines - metabolism
/ Dendritic Spines - pathology
/ Disease
/ Female
/ Glutamic acid receptors (ionotropic)
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Male
/ N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors
/ Neurons
/ Patients
/ Proteins
/ Rats
/ Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate - immunology
/ Science
/ Spine
