Journal Article

Microbiological Contaminants in Drinking Water: Current Status and Challenges

Syafrudin, Muhammad, Hadibarata, Tony, Abdullah, Shakila, Yılmaz, Murat, Kristanti, Risky Ayu

2022

Overview

Water is a vital resource to every living thing on the earth. Once the water is contaminated (physically, chemically, biologically, or radiologically), it brought negative impacts to the living thing. This paper provides a brief review of the characterization of biological pollutants in drinking water and their effects on human health. Some biological contamination was detected in water resources such as pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella, etc.), viruses (hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus, rotavirus, etc.), parasites (Giardia, Entamoeba, Cyclospora, etc.), and parasitic worm (Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale, Strongyloides stercoralis, etc.). The diseases were significantly prevalent in developing countries due to limited access to clean water and poor sanitation. Most of the diseases had common symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, and body and muscle aches that were transmitted to humans through the fecal–oral route. About 1.7 billion children were affected by diarrhea each year and about 525,000 of the children died each year. Besides, nearly 1 million adults were killed by diarrhea every year. Some treatment was implemented to remove the biological contamination in drinking water, such as oxidation treatment, ultraviolet radiation, distillation, biologically active carbon filtration, electrochemical, and nanotechnology.

• Publisher: Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Activated carbon / Biological activity / Biological contamination / Biological pollutants / Children / Coliforms / Contaminants / Contamination / Developing countries / Diarrhea / Diseases / Distillation / Distilled water / Drinking water / E coli / Electrochemistry / Environmental monitoring / Fever / Giardia / Health / Hepatitis / Hepatitis A / LDCs / Muscles / Nanotechnology / Oral administration / Oxidation / Parasites / Parasitic diseases / Pathogenic bacteria / Pollutants / Radioactive pollution / Rotavirus / Sanitation / Signs and symptoms / Symptoms / Ultraviolet radiation / Viruses / Water pollution / Water purification / Water resources