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Detection and prevalence of Haemoproteus archilochus (Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae) in two species of California hummingbirds
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Detection and prevalence of Haemoproteus archilochus (Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae) in two species of California hummingbirds
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Detection and prevalence of Haemoproteus archilochus (Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae) in two species of California hummingbirds
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Journal Article
Detection and prevalence of Haemoproteus archilochus (Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae) in two species of California hummingbirds
2017
Overview
Haemosporidian blood parasites are transmitted to a wide range of avian hosts via blood-sucking dipteran vectors. Microscopy has revealed an impressive diversity of avian haemosporidia with more than 250 species described. Moreover, PCR and subsequent sequence analyses have suggested a much greater diversity of haemosporidia than morphological analyses alone. Given the importance of these parasites, very few studies have focused on the charismatic hummingbirds. To date, three
Haemoproteus
species (
Haemoproteus archilochus
,
Haemoproteus trochili
, and
Haemoproteus witti
) and one
Leucocytozoon
species (
Leucocytozoon quynzae
) have been described in blood samples taken from hummingbirds (Trochilidae). Unconfirmed
Plasmodium
lineages have also been detected in hummingbirds. Here, we report the detection of
H. archilochus
in two hummingbird species (
Calypte anna
and
Archilochus alexandri
) sampled in Northern California and perform a phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome
b
(cyt
b
) gene lineages. A total of 261 hummingbirds (157
C. anna
, 104
A. alexandri
) were sampled and screened for blood parasites using PCR and microscopy techniques. Combining both methods, 4 (2.55%) haemosporidian infections were detected in
C. anna
and 18 (17.31%) haemosporidian infections were detected in
A. alexandri
. Molecular analyses revealed four distinct
H. archilocus
cyt
b
lineages, which clustered as a monophyletic clade. No species of
Plasmodium
or
Leucocytozoon
were detected in this study, raising the possibility of specific vector associations with hummingbirds
.
These results provide resources for future studies of haemosporidian prevalence, diversity, and pathogenicity in California hummingbird populations.
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Bird Diseases - epidemiology
/ Bird Diseases - parasitology
/ Birds
/ blood
/ Diptera
/ genes
/ Haemosporida - classification
/ Haemosporida - isolation & purification
/ hosts
/ Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)
/ Protozoan Infections, Animal - epidemiology
/ Protozoan Infections, Animal - parasitology
/ Sequence Analysis, DNA - veterinary
/ Species
/ Vectors
