Journal Article

Brucellosis in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland: threat to animal production and wildlife conservation

Santos, Filipe Martins, Nantes, Wesley Arruda Gimenes, de Assis, William Oliveira, de Oliveira, Carina Elisei, Herrera, Heitor Miraglia, de Mendoza, Javier Hermoso, de Macedo, Gabriel Carvalho, Fernández-Llario, Pedro, de Oliveira Porfírio, Grasiela Edith, de Andrade, Gisele Braziliano

2022

Overview

This review was performed to gather knowledge about brucellosis in livestock and wildlife in the Brazilian Pantanal, a biome with a huge biodiversity and extensive livestock production. Following the preferred reporting items for narrative review guidelines and using the terms “ Brucella ” and “Pantanal,” we explored the PubMed, SciELO, Jstor, Science Direct, and Scholar Google databases. Information on host species, diagnostic test, number of positive animals, and positivity rates were acquired. Articles dating from 1998 to 2022 registered 14 studies including cattle, dogs, and the following wildlife species: Ozotoceros bezoarticus , Sus scrofa , Tayassu peccari , Nasua nasua , Cerdocyon thous , Panthera onca , Dasypus novemcintus , Cabassous unicinctus , Euphractus sexcinctus , Priodontes maximus , Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris . Brucella occurrence in cattle was demonstrated through the serological confirmatory test 2-mercaptoetanol. Molecular diagnosis detected Brucella abortus in dogs, smooth Brucella in O. beoarticus , and Brucella spp. in T. peccari . Cattle may have a pivotal importance in maintenance and spreading of Brucella spp. due to their high population density, environmental contamination from abortion of infected cows, and eventual excretion of B. abortus S19 strain from vaccinated heifers. The occurrence of Brucella spp. in O. bezoarticus and T. peccari represent a risk for wildlife conservation. These data indicate that Brucella spp. are enzootic in the Pantanal wetland, sustained by a reservoir system including domestic and wild mammals. Due to marked seasonality and large populations of wildlife species sharing same environments with livestock, brucellosis acquires great complexity in Pantanal and, therefore, must be analyzed considering both animal production and conservation.

• Publisher: Springer International Publishing,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Abortion / Animal production / Animals / Animals, Wild - microbiology / Biodiversity / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Brazil - epidemiology / Brucella / Brucella abortus / Brucellosis / Brucellosis - diagnosis / Brucellosis - veterinary / Cattle / Contamination / Dogs / Economic activity / Ecosystems / Female / Food Microbiology / Foxes / Immunization / Infections / Life Sciences / Livestock / Livestock production / Medical Microbiology / Microbial Ecology / Microbial Genetics and Genomics / Microbiology / Mycology / Polymerase chain reaction / Population density / Procyonidae / Public health / Seasonal variations / Serology / Vaccines / Veterinary Microbiology - Review / Wetlands / Wildlife conservation