Journal Article

Prognostic Role of Metabolic Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review Meta-Analysis

Cervellati, Carlo, Zuliani, Giovanni, Bilato, Claudio, Zuin, Marco, Roncon, Loris, Rigatelli, Gianluca

2021

Overview

Background: The prevalence and prognostic implications of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients infected by the SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and mortality risk in COVID-19 patients with MetS. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed in abstracting data and assessing validity. We searched MEDLINE and Scopus to locate every article published up to 1 September 2021, reporting data on MetS among COVID-19 patients. The pooled prevalence of MetS was calculated using a random effects model and presented using the related 95% confidence interval (CI), while the mortality risk was estimated using the Mantel-Haenszel random effects models with odds ratio (OR) and related 95% CI. Statistical heterogeneity was measured using the Higgins I2 statistic. Results: Six studies, enrolling 209.569 COVID-19 patients [mean age 57.2 years, 114.188 males (54.4%)] met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 20.5% of cases (95% CI: 6.7–47.8%, p = 0.03), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 98.9%). Pre-existing MetS was significantly associated with higher risk of short-term mortality (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.52–3.45, p < 0.001), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 89.4%). Meta-regression showed a direct correlation with male gender (p = 0.03), hypertension (p < 0.001), DM (p = 0.01) and hyperlipidaemia (p = 0.04), but no effect when considering age (p = 0.75) and chronic pulmonary disease (p = 0.86) as moderators. Conclusions: MetS represents a major comorbidity in about 20% of COVID-19 patients and it is associated with a 230% increased risk of short-term mortality.

• Publisher: MDPI AG,MDPI
• Subject: Adult / Age / Aged / Bias / Brief Report / Comorbidity / Coronaviruses / COVID-19 / COVID-19 - complications / COVID-19 - metabolism / COVID-19 - physiopathology / COVID-19 infection / Diabetes / diabetes mellitus / Disease / disease prevalence / dyslipidaemia / Dyslipidemia / Female / females / Gender / gender differences / Humans / Hyperlipidemia / hypertension / Investigations / Lung diseases / Male / Males / men / Meta-analysis / Metabolic disorders / Metabolic syndrome / Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism / Metabolic Syndrome - physiopathology / Metabolic Syndrome - virology / Middle Aged / middle-aged adults / Mortality / Prevalence / Prognosis / Regression analysis / respiratory tract diseases / risk factors / SARS-CoV-2 - metabolism / SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity / Sensitivity analysis / Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 / Statistical analysis / Systematic review / women