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Effects of single and combined applications of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)
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Effects of single and combined applications of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)
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Journal Article
Effects of single and combined applications of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)
2017
Overview
This study was carried out to investigate the insecticidal properties of
Beauveria bassiana
,
Metarhizium anisopliae
and
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
for their virulence against different larval instars of
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
(Olivier). Both fungi were either applied alone or in combination, with
H. bacteriophora
simultaneously or 1 and 2 weeks after fungal application; EPN were also applied alone. Moreover, assessment of host development, diet consumption, frass production and weight gain were observed at sub-lethal dose rates. In combined treatments, additive and synergistic interactions were observed. Synergism was observed more frequently in
H. bacteriophora
+
B. bassiana
combinations than in
H. bacteriophora
+
M. anisopliae
combinations, and was higher in early instars than old instars. In 2
nd
and 4
th
instars, synergy was noted in
H. bacteriophora
+
B. bassiana
combinations at 0, 7 and 14 d intervals and in 6
th
instar synergy was observed only in
H. bacteriophora
+
B. bassiana
combinations (at 0 and 7 d intervals). A decrease in pupation, adult emergence and egg hatching was enhanced in the combined treatments. Furthermore, reduced weights and variation in duration of insect developmental stages were observed among entomopathogens and enhanced in
H. bacteriophora
+
B. bassiana
combinations. Larvae treated with sub-lethal concentrations exhibited reductions in food consumption, growth and frass production and weight gain.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 9/30
/ Fungi
/ Hatching
/ Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Insects
/ Instars
/ Larvae
/ Pupation
/ Science
