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Molecular characterization of plant growth-promoting Trichoderma from Saudi Arabia
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Journal Article
Molecular characterization of plant growth-promoting Trichoderma from Saudi Arabia
2024
Overview
Fungi in the genus
Trichoderma
are widespread in the environment, mainly in soils. They are used in agriculture because of their mycoparasitic potential;
Trichoderma
have the ability to increase plant health and provide protection against phytopathogens, making them desirable plant symbionts. We isolated, identified, and characterized
Trichoderma
from different regions of Saudi Arabia and evaluated the ability of
Trichoderma
to promote plant growth. Morphological and molecular characterization, along with phylogenetic studies, were utilized to differentiate between
Trichoderma
species isolated from soil samples in the Abha and Riyadh regions, Saudi Arabia. Then, plant growth-promoting traits of the isolated
Trichoderma
species were assessed. Eight
Trichoderma
isolates were characterized via morphological and molecular analysis; six (
Trichoderma koningiopsis
,
Trichoderma lixii
,
Trichoderma koningii
,
Trichoderma harzianum
,
Trichoderma brevicompactum
, and
Trichoderma velutinum
) were from Abha and two (
T. lixii
and
T. harzianum
) were from Riyadh. The isolated
Trichoderma
strains belonged to three different clades (Clade 1: Harzianum, Clade 2: Brevicompactum, and Clade 3: Viride). The
Trichoderma
isolates varied in plant growth-promoting traits. Seeds treated with most isolates exhibited a high percentage of germination, except seeds treated with the T3-
T. koningii
isolate. 100% germination was reported for seeds treated with the T4-
T. harzianum
and T6-
T. brevicompactum
isolates, while seeds treated with the T1-
T. koniniopsis
and T5-
T. lixii
isolates showed 91.1% and 90.9% germination, respectively. Seeds treated with the T8-
T. velutinum
, T2-
T. lixii
, and T7-
T. harzianum
isolates had germination rates of 84.1%, 82.2%, and 72.7%, respectively. The
Trichoderma
isolate T5-
T. lixii
stimulated tomato plant growth the most, followed by T7-
T. harzianum
, T8-
T. velutinum
, T4-
T. harzianum
, T1-
T. koniniopsis
, T2-
T. lixii
, and T6-
T. brevicompactum
; the least effective was T3-
T. koningii
. A maximum fresh weight of 669.33 mg was observed for the T5-
T. lixii
-treated plants. The Abha region had a higher diversity of
Trichoderma
species than the Riyadh region, and most isolated
Trichoderma
spp. promoted tomato growth.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
