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Diversity and bioprospecting activities of endophytic Fungi associated with different Egyptian medicinal plants
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Journal Article
Diversity and bioprospecting activities of endophytic Fungi associated with different Egyptian medicinal plants
2025
Overview
The use of medicinal plants in marginal communities was for the treatment of various ailments for centuries. Nevertheless, the potential of endophytic fungi (EF) associated with bioprospecting medicinal plants remains understudied. Research on the diversity of EF associated with various Egyptian medicinal plants remains limited. Therefore, our study conducted an analysis and comparison of the colonization frequency (CF), richness, and diversity indices of EF communities that inhabit nine different medicinal plants located in two different areas: the Protected Area of Wadi Degla in Maadi and the Natural Cultivated Area in Helwan, Egypt. These plants were
Agathophora alopecuroides
,
Anabasis setifera
,
Atriplex halimus
,
Halocnemum strobitaceum
,
Lantana camara
,
Mesembryanthemum forsskaollii
,
Raphanus raphanistrum
,
Suaeda vermiculata
, and
Zygophyllum coccineum
. Also, the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of isolated EF has been investigated. A total of 39 morphospecies EF were isolated and identified, belonging to fifteen genera.
Aspergillus
spp. and
Penicillium
spp. were the dominant genera identified in the selected plants.
A. setifera
and
S. vermiculata
plants had the highest numbers of EF isolates, followed by
M. forsskaollii
and
R. raphanistrum
. Furthermore, these plants had a significant diversity index and species richness compared to other plants investigated. The most predominant EF was
Aspergillus
sp.3, which had the highest occurrence rate. Among all EF ethyl acetate extracts (EAEs),
Aspergillus
sp.3 demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activities against different human pathogenic bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. Furthermore, it showed the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. Therefore, this isolate was reidentified molecularly as
Aspergillus terreus
AUMC16223 with accession number PP491988. Moreover, EAE of
A. terreus
endophyte showed cytotoxicity potential activity with the significant IC
50
value of 41.75 ± 1.83 µg/mL for the human lung carcinoma cell line (A549) and a nontoxic effect on the normal cell line (WI 38) with the significant CC
50
value of 196.2 ± 3.74 µg/mL. Our results indicated diverse EF communities associated with different Egyptian medicinal plants, showing
A. terreus
endophyte extract as the most significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic agent.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
