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Hepatitis B virus surface antigen drives T cell immunity through non-canonical antigen presentation in mice
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Hepatitis B virus surface antigen drives T cell immunity through non-canonical antigen presentation in mice
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Journal Article
Hepatitis B virus surface antigen drives T cell immunity through non-canonical antigen presentation in mice
2025
Overview
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) exclusively infects hepatocytes and produces large amounts of subviral particles containing its surface antigen (HBsAg). T cell immunity is crucial for controlling and clearing HBV infection. However, the intercellular processes underlying HBsAg presentation to T cells are incompletely understood. Here, using preclinical mouse models, we show that, following HBsAg expression, the intrahepatic Batf3
+
XCR1
+
CCR7
-
conventional dendritic cell subset cDC1 presents HBsAg by MHC-I cross-dressing, driving CD8
+
T cell response. Meanwhile, upon HBsAg access to lymphoid tissues, B cells acquire HBsAg directly in the follicles of lymphoid tissues and initiate CD4
+
T cell responses sequentially in the follicular and interfollicular regions, guided by chemoattractant receptors CCR5 and EBI2, respectively. Finally, we identify ALCAM, LFA-1, and CD80 as key co-stimulatory signals essential for optimal T cell responses. Thus, these findings reveal the roadmap of non-canonical antigen presentation that drives T cell immunity against HBsAg, advancing novel therapeutic strategies for chronic HBV infection.
The mechanism of HBsAg antigen presentation to T cells during liver HBV infection is incompletely understood. Here, the authors show that in mice, intrahepatic type I dendritic cells acquire HBsAg by MHC-I complexes through cross-dressing for CD8
+
T cell priming, whereas CD4
+
T cell responses rely on MHC-II-dependent antigen presentation by B cells in secondary lymphoid tissues.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
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/ 45/91
/ 59
/ 64
/ 64/110
/ 64/60
/ 692/4020/4021/1607/234/2513/1549
/ Animals
/ Antigen Presentation - immunology
/ Antigens
/ CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
/ CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
/ Dendritic Cells - immunology
/ Female
/ Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - immunology
/ Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - metabolism
/ Hepatitis B virus - immunology
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Immunity
/ Major histocompatibility complex
/ Mice
/ Science
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