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Increasing incidence of serotype 38 invasive pneumococcal disease driven by the ST393 clone among children, Denmark 2022–2024
Increasing incidence of serotype 38 invasive pneumococcal disease driven by the ST393 clone among children, Denmark 2022–2024
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Increasing incidence of serotype 38 invasive pneumococcal disease driven by the ST393 clone among children, Denmark 2022–2024
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Increasing incidence of serotype 38 invasive pneumococcal disease driven by the ST393 clone among children, Denmark 2022–2024
Increasing incidence of serotype 38 invasive pneumococcal disease driven by the ST393 clone among children, Denmark 2022–2024

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Increasing incidence of serotype 38 invasive pneumococcal disease driven by the ST393 clone among children, Denmark 2022–2024
Increasing incidence of serotype 38 invasive pneumococcal disease driven by the ST393 clone among children, Denmark 2022–2024
Journal Article

Increasing incidence of serotype 38 invasive pneumococcal disease driven by the ST393 clone among children, Denmark 2022–2024

2025
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Overview
Non-vaccine-serotypes (non-VT) pose a challenge to reducing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Since 2023, serotype 38 IPD has increased in Denmark promoting investigation of this serotype’s characteristics. We included all non-VT IPD cases from 2014 to 2024 to calculate annual incidences per 100,000 individuals with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of serotype 38 IPD were compared with other non-VT IPD in 2022 to 2024. Incidence of serotype 38 IPD increased mainly in children < 2 years, from 0.87 (95% CI 0.02–4.84) to 5.99 (95% CI 2.41–12.34) cases per 100,000 population, whereas the incidence for other non-VT remained stable. SNP analysis, conducted for serotype 38 isolates, revealed that the rise was driven by the ST393 clone with isolates not linked to a region or outbreak. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were similar between the 42 cases of serotype 38 IPD and the 412 other non-VT IPD cases, except for age distribution ( p  < 0.001) with serotype 38 IPD more frequent in children aged < 2 years (21.4% vs. 3.4%). In conclusion, serotype 38 IPD, driven by the ST393 clone, was the dominant serotype causing non-VT IPD in children < 2 years the last two years, however disease severity was similar to other non-VT IPD.