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One World, Two Cultures? Alfred Zimmern, Julian Huxley and the Ideological Origins of UNESCO
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One World, Two Cultures? Alfred Zimmern, Julian Huxley and the Ideological Origins of UNESCO
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Journal Article
One World, Two Cultures? Alfred Zimmern, Julian Huxley and the Ideological Origins of UNESCO
2010
Overview
Against the background of revival of interest in the 'two cultures' controversy of the 1960s, this article examines an earlier episode in the struggle between literary intellectuals and scientists for cultural leadership – the choice of a British candidate for the leadership of UNESCO. Why was Sir Alfred Zimmern, the obvious choice for the post of founding Director-General, not selected? This article argues that Zimmern was ousted as frontrunner because he had failed to gather the support of the burgeoning British scientific establishment, which had mounted its own successful agitation to have science included explicitly in the new organization's remit. It examines the actions and motivations of Ellen Wilkinson and John Maud, whose joint decision it was to replace the classicist Zimmern with the biologist Julian Huxley. It concludes that the main factor behind the replacement of Zimmern was his failure to bridge the two cultures of arts and science. Nevertheless, these events should not be viewed merely as a prologue to the two cultures debate as Huxley and Zimmern's attitudes to science and culture cannot easily be separated from their respective approaches to broader international political questions.
