Journal Article

Characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes related to Zika virus infection during pregnancy in Northeastern Thailand: A prospective pregnancy cohort study, 2018–2020

Iamsirithaworn, Sopon, Bloss, Emily, Darun, Pamorn, Kitsutani, Paul, Jampan, Doungporn, Rhee, Chulwoo, Sawatwong, Pongpun, Sapchookul, Patranuch, Mock, Philip A., Wongsawat, Jurai, Palanuwong, Buncha, Sriboonrat, Pravit, Hicks, Victoria J., Skaggs, Beth, Saepueng, Kamol, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, Waisaen, Chamnan, Sukbut, Punchawee, Suya, Inthira, Pittayawonganon, Chakrarat, Kovavisarach, Ekachai, Rao, Carol Y., Uttayamakul, Sumonmal, Vachiraphan, Apichart, Teepruksa, Phanthaneeya, MacArthur, John R., Lo, Terrence Q., Areechokchai, Darin

2024

Overview

In response to the 2015-2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak and the causal relationship established between maternal ZIKV infection and adverse infant outcomes, we conducted a cohort study to estimate the incidence of ZIKV infection in pregnancy and assess its impacts in women and infants. From May 2018-January 2020, we prospectively followed pregnant women recruited from 134 participating hospitals in two non-adjacent provinces in northeastern Thailand. We collected demographic, clinical, and epidemiologic data and blood and urine at routine antenatal care visits until delivery. ZIKV infections were confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Specimens with confirmed ZIKV underwent whole genome sequencing. Among 3,312 women enrolled, 12 (0.36%) had ZIKV infections, of which two (17%) were detected at enrollment. Ten (83%, 3 in 2nd and 7 in 3rd trimester) ZIKV infections were detected during study follow-up, resulting in an infection rate of 0.15 per 1,000 person-weeks (95% CI: 0.07-0.28). The majority (11/12, 91.7%) of infections occurred in one province. Persistent ZIKV viremia (42 days) was found in only one woman. Six women with confirmed ZIKV infections were asymptomatic until delivery. Sequencing of 8 ZIKV isolates revealed all were of Asian lineage. All 12 ZIKV infected women gave birth to live, full-term infants; the only observed adverse birth outcome was low birth weight in one (8%) infant. Pregnancies in 3,300 ZIKV-rRT-PCR-negative women were complicated by 101 (3%) fetal deaths, of which 67 (66%) had miscarriages and 34 (34%) had stillbirths. There were no differences between adverse fetal or birth outcomes of live infants born to ZIKV-rRT-PCR-positive mothers compared to live infants born to ZIKV-rRT-PCR-negative mothers. Confirmed ZIKV infections occurred infrequently in this large pregnancy cohort and observed adverse maternal and birth outcomes did not differ between mothers with and without confirmed infections.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Adult / Babies / Biology and life sciences / Birth weight / Chikungunya virus / Childbirth & labor / Cohort analysis / Consent / DNA polymerases / DNA sequencing / Enrollments / Epidemics / Epidemiology / Ethics / Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid / Female / Fetuses / Gene sequencing / Genomes / Genomics / Gestational age / Guardians / Health aspects / Health facilities / Hospitals / Humans / Incidence / Infant, Newborn / Infants / Infants (Newborn) / Infection / Infections / Low birth weight / Medical research / Medicine and Health Sciences / Medicine, Experimental / Microcephaly / Neurological disorders / Newborn babies / Nucleotide sequence / Nucleotide sequencing / Parturition / PCR / People and Places / Polymerase chain reaction / Population / Pregnancy / Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - epidemiology / Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - virology / Pregnancy Outcome / Pregnant women / Prospective Studies / Public health / Questionnaires / Real time / Risk Factors / RNA-directed DNA polymerase / Sequencing / Surveillance / Thailand - epidemiology / Urine / Vector-borne diseases / Viremia / Whole genome sequencing / Womens health / Young Adult / Zika virus / Zika Virus - genetics / Zika Virus - isolation & purification / Zika Virus Infection - epidemiology