Journal Article

A prospective study of the intake of vitamins C, E, and A and the risk of breast cancer

Hunter, D.J, Colditz, G.A, Manson, J.E, Speizer, F.E, Rosner, B, Willett, W.C, Stampfer, M.J, Hennekens, C.H

1993

Overview

Background. Although it has been hypothesized that large intakes of the antioxidant vitamins C, E, and A reduce the risk of breast cancer, few prospective data are available. Methods. We prospectively studied 89,494 women who were 34 to 59 years old in 1980 and who did not have diagnosed cancer. Their intakes of vitamins C, E, and A from foods and supplements were assessed at base line and in 1984 with the use of a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Results. Breast cancer was diagnosed in 1439 women during eight years of follow-up. After multivariate adjustment for known risk factors, the relative risk among women in the highest quintile group for intake of vitamin C as compared with the risk among those in the lowest quintile group was 1.03 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.87 to 1.21); for vitamin E, after vitamin A intake had been controlled for, the relative risk was 0.99 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.83 to 1.19). In contrast, among women in the highest quintile group for intake of total vitamin A the relative risk was 0.84 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.71 to 0.98; P for trend = 0.001). Among women in the lowest quintile group for intake of vitamin A from food, consumption of vitamin A from supplements was associated with a reduced risk (P = 0.03). The significant inverse association of vitamin A intake with the risk of breast cancer was also found on study of data based on the 1984 questionnaire and four years of follow-up. Conclusions. Large intakes of vitamin C or E did not protect women in our study from breast cancer. A low intake of vitamin A may increase the risk of this disease; any benefit of vitamin A supplements may be limited to women with diets low in vitamin A

• Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
• Subject: ABSORCION DE SUBSTANCIAS NUTRITIVAS / ABSORPTION DE SUBSTANCES NUTRITIVES / ACIDE ASCORBIQUE / ACIDO ASCORBICO / administration & dosage / Adult / ANTIOXIDANTES / Antioxidants / ANTIOXYDANT / Ascorbic acid / Ascorbic Acid - administration & dosage / Biological and medical sciences / Breast cancer / Breast Neoplasms / Breast Neoplasms - epidemiology / Breast Neoplasms - etiology / Breast Neoplasms - prevention & control / CAROTENOIDE / CAROTENOIDES / carotenoids / Diet / Dietary supplements / dose response / DURACION / duration / DUREE / ENFERMEDADES GLANDULAS MAMARIAS / epidemiology / etiology / Feeding Behavior / Female / FEMME / Follow-Up Studies / Food / Food consumption / food intake / Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics / Health risk assessment / Humans / Incidence / INGESTION DE ALIMENTOS / longitudinal studies / MALADIE DES GLANDES MAMMAIRES / Mammary gland diseases / mammary neoplasms (animal) / Medical sciences / Middle Aged / MUJERES / NEOPLASMAS / NEOPLASME / Nutrient deficiency / nutrient intake / prevention & control / PRISE ALIMENTAIRE / Prospective Studies / Questionnaires / RETINOL / RIESGO / risk / Risk Factors / RISQUE / Tumors / Vitamin A / Vitamin A - administration & dosage / Vitamin C / Vitamin E / Vitamin E - administration & dosage / vitamin supplements / VITAMINA E / VITAMINAS / VITAMINE / VITAMINE E / Vitamins / women / Womens health