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Antibiotics and the developing intestinal microbiome, metabolome and inflammatory environment in a randomized trial of preterm infants
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Antibiotics and the developing intestinal microbiome, metabolome and inflammatory environment in a randomized trial of preterm infants
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Journal Article
Antibiotics and the developing intestinal microbiome, metabolome and inflammatory environment in a randomized trial of preterm infants
2021
Overview
Antibiotic use in neonates can have detrimental effects on the developing gut microbiome, increasing the risk of morbidity. A majority of preterm neonates receive antibiotics after birth without clear evidence to guide this practice. Here microbiome, metabolomic, and immune marker results from the routine early antibiotic use in symptomatic preterm Neonates (REASON) study are presented. The REASON study is the first trial to randomize symptomatic preterm neonates to receive or not receive antibiotics in the first 48 h after birth. Using 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples collected longitudinally for 91 neonates, the effect of such antibiotic use on microbiome diversity is assessed. The results illustrate that type of nutrition shapes the early infant gut microbiome. By integrating data for the gut microbiome, stool metabolites, stool immune markers, and inferred metabolic pathways, an association was discovered between
Veillonella
and the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). These results suggest early antibiotic use may impact the gut-brain axis with the potential for consequences in early life development, a finding that needs to be validated in a larger cohort.
Trial Registration
This project is registered at clinicaltrials.gov under the name “Antibiotic ‘Dysbiosis’ in Preterm Infants” with trial number NCT02784821.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 692/308
/ Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage
/ Female
/ gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism
/ Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Infants
/ Metabolic Networks and Pathways - genetics
/ NCT
/ Neonates
/ RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics
/ rRNA 16S
/ Science
