Journal Article

A single-dose ChAdOx1-vectored vaccine provides complete protection against Nipah Bangladesh and Malaysia in Syrian golden hamsters

Sebastian, Sarah, van Doremalen, Neeltje, Letko, Michael, Feldmann, Friederike, Lambe, Teresa, Fischer, Robert, Haddock, Elaine, LaCasse, Rachel, Gilbert, Sarah, Avanzato, Victoria A., Scott, Dana, Bowden, Thomas A., Bushmaker, Trenton, Rissanen, Ilona, Munster, Vincent

2019

Overview

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic re-emerging virus that causes outbreaks in South East Asia. Currently, no approved and licensed vaccine or antivirals exist. Here, we investigated the efficacy of ChAdOx1 NiVB, a simian adenovirus-based vaccine encoding NiV glycoprotein (G) Bangladesh, in Syrian hamsters. Prime-only as well as prime-boost vaccination resulted in uniform protection against a lethal challenge with NiV Bangladesh: all animals survived challenge and we were unable to find infectious virus either in oral swabs, lung or brain tissue. Furthermore, no pathological lung damage was observed. A single-dose of ChAdOx1 NiVB also prevented disease and lethality from heterologous challenge with NiV Malaysia. While we were unable to detect infectious virus in swabs or tissue of animals challenged with the heterologous strain, a very limited amount of viral RNA could be found in lung tissue by in situ hybridization. A single dose of ChAdOx1 NiVB also provided partial protection against Hendra virus and passive transfer of antibodies elicited by ChAdOx1 NiVB vaccination partially protected Syrian hamsters against NiV Bangladesh. From these data, we conclude that ChAdOx1 NiVB is a suitable candidate for further NiV vaccine pre-clinical development.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Adenoviruses / Adenoviruses, Simian - genetics / Animal Structures - virology / Animal tissues / Animals / Antibodies / Antiviral agents / Biology / Biology and Life Sciences / Brain damage / Disease control / Disease Models, Animal / Drug Carriers / Encephalitis / Fatalities / Female / Genetic aspects / Genetics / Glycoproteins / Hamsters / Health aspects / Henipavirus Infections - immunology / Henipavirus Infections - prevention & control / Hybridization / Infections / Infectious diseases / Laboratories / Lethality / Lung diseases / Lungs / Medical research / Medicine and Health Sciences / Mesocricetus / Microbiological strains / Monkeys / Nipah virus / Nipah Virus - genetics / Nipah Virus - immunology / Nucleic acids / Outbreaks / Pathogens / People and Places / Protection / Research and Analysis Methods / Ribonucleic acid / RNA / Strain / Survival / Survival Analysis / Testing / Tetracyclines / Tissue / Tissues / Tropical diseases / Vaccination / Vaccines / Vaccines, Synthetic - administration & dosage / Vaccines, Synthetic - genetics / Vaccines, Synthetic - immunology / Viral vaccines / Viral Vaccines - administration & dosage / Viral Vaccines - genetics / Viral Vaccines - immunology / Virology / Viruses