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Galanin neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic area promote sleep and heat loss in mice
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Galanin neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic area promote sleep and heat loss in mice
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Galanin neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic area promote sleep and heat loss in mice
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Journal Article
Galanin neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic area promote sleep and heat loss in mice
2018
Overview
The preoptic area (POA) is necessary for sleep, but the fundamental POA circuits have remained elusive. Previous studies showed that galanin (GAL)- and GABA-producing neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) express cFos after periods of increased sleep and innervate key wake-promoting regions. Although lesions in this region can produce insomnia, high frequency photostimulation of the POA
GAL
neurons was shown to paradoxically cause waking, not sleep. Here we report that photostimulation of VLPO
GAL
neurons in mice promotes sleep with low frequency stimulation (1–4 Hz), but causes conduction block and waking at frequencies above 8 Hz. Further, optogenetic inhibition reduces sleep. Chemogenetic activation of VLPO
GAL
neurons confirms the increase in sleep, and also reduces body temperature. In addition, chemogenetic activation of VLPO
GAL
neurons induces short-latency sleep in an animal model of insomnia. Collectively, these findings establish a causal role of VLPO
GAL
neurons in both sleep induction and heat loss.
Anatomical lesions of the preoptic area (POA) can cause sleep loss while electrical, chemical, or thermal stimulation of POA can induce sleep. To better understand the exact neural function of the POA, this study shows that galanin and GABA+ inhibitory neurons in the ventrolateral POA that project to the wake-promoting tuberomammillary nucleus promote sleep in a stimulation frequency dependent manner.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 13/51
/ 14/32
/ 14/34
/ 14/63
/ 38/1
/ 59
/ 631/378
/ 64
/ 64/110
/ Animals
/ Body Temperature Regulation - genetics
/ Body Temperature Regulation - physiology
/ Galanin
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Insomnia
/ Latency
/ Lesions
/ Male
/ Mice
/ Neurons
/ Science
/ Sleep
/ Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders - genetics
/ Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders - metabolism
/ Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders - physiopathology
