Journal Article

High rates of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension upon a screening campaign in rural Rwanda: a cross-sectional study

Twizeyimana, Laurence, Uwinkindi, Francois, Dusabeyezu, Symaque, Nishimwe, Aurore, Mutimura, Eugene, Brown, Angela L., Ngoga, Gedeon, Schechtman, Kenneth, Harerimana, Emmanuel, Cade, W. Todd, de Las Fuentes, Lisa, Ntaganda, Evariste, Utumatwishima, Jean N., Davila-Roman, Victor G., Mugeni, Regine, Twagirumukiza, Marc, Bushaku, Marcus, Reeds, Dominic

2022

Overview

Background Hypertension remains the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) worldwide with a prevalence and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) among the highest. The early detection of hypertension risk factors is a crucial pillar for CVD prevention. Design and method This cross-sectional study included 4284 subjects, mean age 46 ± 16SD, 56.4% females and mean BMI 26.6 ± 3.7 SD. Data were collected through a screening campaign in rural area of Kirehe District, Eastern of Rwanda, with the objective to characterize and examine the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) and other CVD risk factors. An adapted tool from the World Health Organization STEPwise Approach was used for data collection. Elevated BP was defined as ≥ 140/90 mm/Hg and elevated blood glucose as blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL after a 6-h fast. Results Of the sampled population, 21.2% (n = 910) had an elevated BP at screening; BP was elevated among individuals not previously known to have HTN in 18.7% (n = 752). Among individuals with a prior diagnosis of HTN, 62.2% (n = 158 of 254) BP was uncontrolled. Age, weight, smoking, alcohol history and waist circumference were associated with BP in both univariate analyses and multivariate analysis. Conclusion High rates of elevated BP identified through a health screening campaign in this Rwandan district were surprising given the rural characteristics of the district and relatively low population age. These data highlight the need to implement an adequate strategy for the prevention, diagnosis, and control of HTN that includes rural areas of Rwanda as part of a multicomponent strategy for CVD prevention.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Adult / Age / Alcohol use / Angiology / Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Blood Glucose / Blood pressure / Blood Transfusion Medicine / Body mass index / Cardiac Surgery / Cardiology / Cardiovascular Diseases / Complications and side effects / Cross-Sectional Studies / Data collection / Data entry / Diabetes / Diagnosis / Female / Females / Glucose / High blood pressure / Humans / Hyperglycemia / Hypertension / Hypertension - diagnosis / Hypertension - epidemiology / Internal Medicine / Male / Medical screening / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Methods / Middle Aged / Mortality / Multivariate analysis / Prevention / Risk factors / Rural areas / Rwanda / Rwanda - epidemiology / Screening