Journal Article

Population homogeneity for the antibody response to COVID-19 BNT162b2/Comirnaty vaccine is only reached after the second dose across all adult age ranges

Borges, Patricia C, Diwo, Christian, Coutinho, Teresa P, et al, Bergman, Marie-Louise, Duarte, Nadia, Castro, Rute, Nunes, Telmo, Gonçalves, Lígia A, ., Faro-Viana, João

2022

Overview

While mRNA vaccines are administrated worldwide in an effort to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, the heterogeneity of the humoral immune response they induce at the population scale remains unclear. Here, in a prospective, longitudinal, cohort-study, including 1245 hospital care workers and 146 nursing home residents scheduled for BNT162b2 vaccination, together covering adult ages from 19 to 99 years, we analyse seroconversion to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and amount of spike-specific IgG, IgM and IgA before vaccination, and 3-5 weeks after each dose. We show that immunogenicity after a single vaccine dose is biased to IgG, heterogeneous and reduced with increasing age. The second vaccine dose normalizes IgG seroconversion in all age strata. These findings indicate two dose mRNA vaccines is required to reach population scale humoral immunity. The results advocate for the interval between the two doses not to be extended, and for serological monitoring of elderly and immunosuppressed vaccinees. Here, in a longitudinal cohort of 1245 hospital care workers and 146 nursing home residents, the authors find that a large inter-individual variation in anti-spike antibody levels after one dose of BNT162b2mRNA vaccine is partially explained by age, sex, previous exposure, and treatments, while the 2nd dose is required to reach sero-conversion at the population level.

• Publisher: Nature Research,Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
• Subject: 631/250/255/2514 / 692/308/174 / Adult / Age / Age Factors / Aged / Aged, 80 and over / Antibodies / Antibodies, Viral - immunology / Antibody response / BNT162 Vaccine - immunology / Coronaviruses / COVID-19 / COVID-19 - epidemiology / COVID-19 - immunology / COVID-19 - prevention & control / COVID-19 vaccines / Female / Heterogeneity / Homogeneity / Hospitalization / Humanities and Social Sciences / Humans / Humoral immunity / Immune response / Immune response (humoral) / Immune system / Immunization, Secondary / Immunogenicity / Immunogenicity, Vaccine / Immunoglobulin A / Immunoglobulin G / Immunoglobulin M / Longitudinal Studies / Male / Middle Aged / mRNA / mRNA vaccines / multidisciplinary / Nurses / Nursing homes / Pandemics / Population / Portugal - epidemiology / Prospective Studies / SARS-CoV-2 - immunology / Science / Science (multidisciplinary) / Seroconversion / Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 / Spike protein / Vaccination / Vaccines / Young Adult