Journal Article

Undetected circulation of major arboviruses in West Sudan: urging for institutionalizing multisectoral one health strategy for the preparedness, prevention, and control of zoonotic arboviral diseases

Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar, Musa, Abdualmoniem Omer, Elduma, Adel, Ahmed, Ayman, Mohamed, Nouh Saad, Muvunyi, Claude Mambo

2024

Overview

Objectives Arboviruses pose a significant global health challenge. This study investigated the seroprevalence of major human arboviral infections, including yellow fever (YFV), dengue (DENV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Rift Valley fever (RVF), West Nile virus (WNV), and chikungunya (CHIK), in Darfur region from September to December 2018. ELISA-IgM was used to detect antibodies. RT‒PCR was used to differentiate YFV infection from vaccine-immuno-response in IgM samples. Results A total of 152 blood samples were collected, with 123 (80.9%) from males and 29 (19.1%) from females. The participants were grouped by age: 50 (32.9%) were under 20 years, 96 (63.2%) were aged 20–45 years, and 6 (3.9%) were over 45 years. The seroprevalence rates for YFV, DENV, and CHIKV were 68 (44.7%), 23 (15.1%), and 5 (3.3%), respectively. There were 11 molecularly-confirmed YFV cases (7.2%). Among these, 3/11 were positive for DENV-IgM, and 1/11 was positive for CHIKV-IgM. Among the 68 YFV-positive individuals, 15 (22.1%) had been exposed to DENV, and 2 (2.9%) had been exposed to CHIKV. Co-exposure to DENV and CHIKV was detected in 3 (1.9%) patients, while 2 (1.3%) patients had triple exposure to YFV, CHIKV, or DENV. No exposure to CCHF, RVFV, or WNV was detected.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Adult / Animals / Antibodies / Antibodies, Viral - blood / Arbovirus diseases / Arbovirus Infections - epidemiology / Arbovirus Infections - prevention & control / Arbovirus Infections - virology / Arboviruses - immunology / Arboviruses - isolation & purification / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Biomedicine / Chikungunya Fever - blood / Chikungunya Fever - diagnosis / Chikungunya Fever - epidemiology / Chikungunya Fever - prevention & control / Chikungunya Fever - virology / Chikungunya virus / Climate change / Coccidioidomycosis / Crimean hemorrhagic fever / Dengue fever / Dengue hemorrhagic fever / Displaced persons / Dosage and administration / Emerging zoonotic diseases / Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay / Epidemics / Female / Global health security / Health policy / Hemorrhagic fever / Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean - blood / Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean - diagnosis / Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean - epidemiology / Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean - prevention & control / Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean - virology / Humanitarianism / Humans / Illnesses / Immunization / Immunoglobulin M / Immunoglobulin M - blood / Infections / Infectious diseases / Laboratories / Life Sciences / Living conditions / Malaria / Male / Medicine/Public Health / Middle Aged / Mosquito-borne diseases / One Health / Pandemic preparedness, prevention, and response / Prevention / Public health / Refugees / Research Note / Rift Valley fever / Rift Valley Fever - blood / Rift Valley Fever - diagnosis / Rift Valley Fever - epidemiology / Rift Valley Fever - immunology / Rift Valley Fever - prevention & control / Rift Valley Fever - virology / Risk factors / Seroepidemiologic Studies / Serology / Sudan - epidemiology / Testing / Tropical diseases / Vector-borne diseases / Vectors (Biology) / Viral antibodies / Viral infections / Viral vaccines / Viruses / West Nile Fever - blood / West Nile Fever - epidemiology / West Nile Fever - prevention & control / West Nile Fever - virology / West Nile virus / Yellow Fever - blood / Yellow Fever - diagnosis / Yellow Fever - epidemiology / Yellow Fever - immunology / Yellow Fever - prevention & control / Yellow Fever - virology / Young Adult / Zoonoses / Zoonoses - epidemiology / Zoonoses - prevention & control / Zoonoses - virology