Journal Article

Social Media–Delivered Patient Education to Enhance Self-management and Attitudes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Randomized Controlled Trial

Lee, Ting-I, Kuo, Li-Na, Chien, Yu-Mei, Leong, Cheng Man, Kuo, Yu-Feng, Chen, Hsiang-Yin

2022

Overview

The use of mobile health technologies has been necessary to deliver patient education to patients with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. This open-label randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of a diabetes educational platform-Taipei Medical University-LINE Oriented Video Education-delivered through a social media app. Patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited from a clinic through physician referral. The social media-based program included 51 videos: 10 about understanding diabetes, 10 about daily care, 6 about nutrition care, 21 about diabetes drugs, and 4 containing quizzes. The intervention group received two or three videos every week and care messages every 2 weeks through the social media platform for 3 months, in addition to usual care. The control group only received usual care. Outcomes were measured at clinical visits through self-reported face-to-face questionnaires at baseline and at 3 months after the intervention, including the Simplified Diabetes Knowledge Scale (true/false version), the Diabetes Care Profile-Attitudes Toward Diabetes Scales, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA ) levels. Health literacy was measured at baseline using the Newest Vital Sign tool. Differences in HbA levels and questionnaire scores before and after the intervention were compared between groups. The associations of knowledge, attitudes, and self-care activities with health literacy were assessed. Patients with type 2 diabetes completed the 3-month study, with 91 out of 181 (50.3%) patients in the intervention group and 90 (49.7%) in the control group. The change in HbA did not significantly differ between groups (intervention group: mean 6.9%, SD 0.8% to mean 7.0%, SD 0.9%, P=.34; control group: mean 6.7%, SD 0.6% to mean 6.7%, SD 0.7%, P=.91). Both groups showed increased mean knowledge scores at 12 weeks, increasing from 68.3% (SD 16.4%) to 76.7% (SD 11.7%; P<.001) in the intervention group and from 64.8% (SD 18.2%) to 73.2% (SD 12.6%; P<.001) in the control group. Positive improvements in attitudes and self-care activities were only observed in the intervention group (attitudes: mean difference 0.2, SD 0.5, P=.001; self-care activities: mean difference 0.3, SD 1.2, P=.03). A 100% utility rate was achieved for 8 out of 21 (38%) medication-related videos. Low health literacy was a significant risk factor for baseline knowledge scores in the intervention group, with an odds ratio of 2.80 (95% CI 1.28-6.12; P=.01); this became insignificant after 3 months. The social media-based program was effective at enhancing the knowledge, attitudes, and self-care activities of patients with diabetes. This intervention was also helpful for patients with low health literacy in diabetes knowledge. The program represents a potentially useful tool for delivering diabetes education to patients through social media, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04876274; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT04876274.

• Publisher: Journal of Medical Internet Research,Gunther Eysenbach MD MPH, Associate Professor,JMIR Publications
• Subject: Activities of daily living / Attitudes / Clinical outcomes / Clinical trials / Control groups / Coronaviruses / COVID-19 / Diabetes / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - therapy / Diabetics / Drug stores / Drugs / Education / Electronic health records / Epidemics / Groups / Health / Health behavior / Health education / Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Health literacy / Health promotion / Health services / Hemoglobin / Higher education / Humans / Intervention / Knowledge / Learning / Literacy / Mass media effects / Measures / Medical colleges / Medical personnel / Medical records / Medical referrals / Medical research / Medical schools / Medical technology / Medicine, Experimental / Multimedia / Nutrition / Original Paper / Pandemics / Patient compliance / Patient education / Patient Education as Topic / Patients / Physicians / Practitioner patient relationship / Questionnaires / Quizzes / Registration / Risk factors / Self care / Self-Management / Selfmanagement / Social Media / Social networks / Students / Taiwan / Teachers / Telemedicine / Type 2 diabetes / Type 2 diabetes mellitus