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Dietary fibre promotes chronic gut parasite infection via direct and time-dependent modulation of innate immunity
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Dietary fibre promotes chronic gut parasite infection via direct and time-dependent modulation of innate immunity
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Journal Article
Dietary fibre promotes chronic gut parasite infection via direct and time-dependent modulation of innate immunity
2026
Overview
Background
Dietary fibre is an important regulator of the gut microbiome and is associated with many health benefits. However, high levels of fibre intake have also been reported to exacerbate some diseases.
Results
Here, we show that mice fed semi-synthetic diets supplemented with purified inulin fibre develop chronic infections with the parasitic whipworm
Trichuris muris
, concomitant with dysregulated innate antimicrobial defences, exacerbated mucosal inflammation, and altered tryptophan metabolism. Inhibition of tryptophan catabolism or neutralizing either IL-27 or IL-18 restored infection resistance. Inulin-fed mice developed gut microbiota dysbiosis during parasite infection, with Proteobacteria becoming dominant. However, despite drastic differences in gut microbiota compositions in control- and inulin-fed mice, microbiota transfer and depletion experiments demonstrated that dietary inulin triggered chronic
T. muris
infection in a microbiota-independent manner. Importantly, removing inulin from the diet within a critical immune development window rapidly restored anti-parasite immunity, indicating direct, time-dependent modulation of mucosal immune responses.
Conclusions
These data reveal
T. muris
-induced dysbiosis as a consequence rather than a causative factor of diet-driven changes in host susceptibility, and establish a direct link between dietary fibre and host defence at mucosal surfaces.
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Video Abstract
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
/ Animals
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Diet
/ Dietary Fiber - administration & dosage
/ Dietary Fiber - adverse effects
/ Female
/ Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects
/ Gastrointestinal Microbiome - immunology
/ Genes
/ Immunity, Innate - drug effects
/ Intestinal Mucosa - immunology
/ Inulin
/ Inulin - administration & dosage
/ Mice
/ Microbial Genetics and Genomics
/ Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
/ Motility
/ Virology
