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Differences in larval survival and IgG response patterns in long-lasting infections by Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis in pigs
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Differences in larval survival and IgG response patterns in long-lasting infections by Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis in pigs
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Differences in larval survival and IgG response patterns in long-lasting infections by Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis in pigs
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Journal Article
Differences in larval survival and IgG response patterns in long-lasting infections by Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis in pigs
2020
Overview
Background
Domesticated and wild swine play an important role as reservoir hosts of
Trichinella
spp. and a source of infection for humans. Little is known about the survival of
Trichinella
larvae in muscles and the duration of anti-
Trichinella
antibodies in pigs with long-lasting infections.
Methods
Sixty pigs were divided into three groups of 20 animals and infected with 10,000 larvae of
Trichinella spiralis
,
Trichinella britovi
or
Trichinella pseudospiralis
. Four pigs from each group were sacrificed at 2, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months post-infection (p.i.) and the number of larvae per gram (LPG) of muscles was calculated. Serum samples were tested by ELISA and western blot using excretory/secretory (ES) and crude antigens.
Results
Trichinella spiralis
showed the highest infectivity and immunogenicity in pigs and larvae survived in pig muscles for up to 2 years p.i. In these pigs, the IgG level significantly increased at 30 days p.i. and reached a peak at about 60 days p.i., remaining stable until the end of the experiment. In
T. britovi-
infected pigs, LPG was about 70 times lower than for
T. spiralis
at 2 months p.i. and only very few infecting larvae were detected at 6 months p.i., whereas no larvae were detected at 12, 18 and 24 months p.i. At 6 months p.i., degenerated/calcified larvae and cysts were detected in the muscles by trichinoscopy and histology. The IgG pattern showed by
T. britovi
-infected pigs was similar to that of
T. spiralis
-infected pigs, although seroconversion occurred some days later. The larval burden of
T. pseudospiralis
was slightly greater than for
T. britovi
at 2 months p.i., but no larvae were detected at 6 and 12 months p.i. In
T. pseudospiralis
-infected pigs, seroconversion occurred slowly, as in
T. britovi
-infected pigs. The IgG level showed a significant drop at 6 months p.i. and declining to the cut-off value at 12 months p.i.
Conclusions
The longer survival of
T. spiralis
in pigs in comparison with the other two species highlights its exceptional dissemination potential. These results provide an explanation of the controversial data collected by parasitological and serological tools in the course of epidemiological investigations.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
