Journal Article

Effect of antiretroviral therapy on decreasing arterial stiffness, metabolic profile, vascular and systemic inflammatory cytokines in treatment-naïve HIV: A one-year prospective study

Andrade-Villanueva, Jaime Federico, Alanis-Sánchez, Guillermo Adrian, Álvarez-Zavala, Monserrat, Sánchez-Reyes, Karina, Cardona-Muñoz, Ernesto, Ruiz-Herrera, Vida Verónica, Ramos-Becerra, Carlos, Martínez-Ayala, Pedro, Cabrera-Silva, Rodolfo Ismael, González-Hernández, Luz Alicia

2023

Overview

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death among people living with HIV (PLH). Non-treated PLH show increased levels of inflammation and biomarkers of vascular activation, and arterial stiffness as a prognostic cardiovascular disease risk factor. We investigated the effect of one year of ART on treatment-naïve HIV(+) individuals on arterial stiffness and inflammatory and vascular cytokines. We cross-sectionally compared aortic stiffness via tonometry, inflammatory, and vascular serum cytokines on treatment-naïve (n = 20) and HIV (-) (n = 9) matched by age, sex, metabolic profile, and Framingham score. We subsequently followed young, treatment-naïve individuals after 1-year of ART and compared aortic stiffness, metabolic profile, and inflammatory and vascular serum biomarkers to baseline. Inflammatory biomarkers included: hs-CRP, D-Dimer, SAA, sCD163s, MCP-1, IL-8, IL-18, MRP8/14. Vascular cytokines included: myoglobin, NGAL, MPO, Cystatin C, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MMP9. Treatment-naïve individuals were 34.8 years old, mostly males (95%), and with high smoking prevalence (70%). Baseline T CD4+ was 512±324 cells/mcL. cfPWV was similar between HIV(-) and treatment-naïve (6.8 vs 7.3 m/s; p = 0.16) but significantly decreased after ART (-0.52 m/s; 95% CI -0.87 to -0.16; p0.006). Almost all the determined cytokines were significantly higher compared to controls, except for MCP-1, myoglobin, NGAL, cystatin C, and MMP-9. At follow-up, only total cholesterol and triglycerides increased and all inflammatory cytokines significantly decreased. Regarding vascular cytokines, MPO, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 showed a reduction. D-Dimer tended to decrease (p = 0.06) and hs-CRP did not show a significant reduction (p = 0.17). One year of ART had a positive effect on reducing inflammatory and vascular cytokines and arterial stiffness.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Adult / Analysis / Antiretroviral agents / Antiretroviral drugs / Antiretroviral therapy / Antiviral agents / Aorta / Automation / Biology and Life Sciences / Biomarkers / C-Reactive Protein - metabolism / Cardiovascular disease / Cardiovascular Diseases / Care and treatment / CD4 antigen / Cholesterol / Comparative analysis / Cystatin / Cystatin C / Cystatin C - metabolism / Cytokines / Cytokines - metabolism / Dimers / Dosage and administration / Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid / Female / Flow cytometry / Gelatinase B / Health aspects / Health risks / High density lipoprotein / Highly active antiretroviral therapy / HIV / HIV (Viruses) / HIV Infections - drug therapy / HIV patients / Human immunodeficiency virus / Humans / Infections / Inflammation / Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 / Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 - metabolism / Interleukin 18 / Interleukin 8 / Laboratories / Lipocalin-2 - metabolism / Male / Measurement / Medical research / Medicine and Health Sciences / Medicine, Experimental / Metabolism / Metabolome / Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 / Mortality / Myoglobin / Myoglobin - metabolism / Myoglobins / Physical Sciences / Prevention / Prospective Studies / Reduction / Risk factors / Sample size / Sexually transmitted diseases / Software / STD / Stiffness / Triglycerides / Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Vascular Stiffness