Journal Article

Link between organic nanovescicles from vegetable kingdom and human cell physiology: intracellular calcium signalling

Trentini, Martina, Zavan, Barbara, Pinton, Paolo, Zanolla, Ilaria, Degasperi, Margherita, Tiengo, Elena, Danese, Alberto, Zanotti, Federica, Bonora, Massimo, Merciai, Fabrizio, Lovatti, Luca, Campiglia, Pietro, Licastro, Danilo, Sommella, Eduardo

2024

Overview

Background Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) are a novelty in medical and agrifood environments, with several studies exploring their functions and potential applications. Among fruits, apples (sp. Malus domestica ) have great potential as PDNVs source, given their widespread consumption, substantial waste production, and recognized health benefits. Notably, apple-derived nanovesicles (ADNVs) can interact with human cell lines, triggering anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses. This work is dedicated to the comprehensive biochemical characterization of apple-derived nanovesicles (ADNVs) through proteomic and lipidomic analysis, and small RNAs sequencing. This research also aims to shed light on the underlying mechanism of action (MOA) when ADNVs interface with human cells, through observation of intracellular calcium signalling in human fibroblasts, and to tackles differences in ADNVs content when isolated from fruits derived from integrated and organic production methods cultivars. Results The ADNVs fraction is mainly composed of exocyst-positive organelles (EXPOs) and MVB-derived exosomes, identified through size and molecular markers (Exo70 and TET-3-like proteins). ADNVs’ protein cargo is heterogeneous and exhibits a diverse array of functions, especially in plant's protection (favouring ABA stress-induced signalling, pathogen resistance and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) metabolism). Noteworthy plant miRNAs also contribute to phytoprotection. In relation with human cells lines, ADNVs elicit spikes of intracellular Ca 2+ levels, utilizing the cation as second messenger, and produce an antioxidant effect. Lastly, organic samples yield a substantial increase in ADNV production and are particularly enriched in bioactive lysophospholipids. Conclusions We have conclusively demonstrated that ADNVs confer an antioxidant effect upon human cells, through the initiation of a molecular pathway triggered by Ca 2+ signalling. Within ADNVs, a plethora of bioactive proteins, small RNAs, and lipids have been identified, each possessing well-established functions within the realm of plant biology. While ADNVs predominantly function in plants, to safeguard against pathogenic agents and abiotic stressors, it is noteworthy that proteins with antioxidant power might act as antioxidants within human cells. Graphical Abstract

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Agribusiness / Agricultural production / Analysis / Antioxidants / Antioxidants - metabolism / Antioxidants - pharmacology / Apple / Apple-derived extracellular vesicles / Apples / Biological activity / Biosynthesis / Biotechnology / Calcium / Calcium (intracellular) / Calcium - metabolism / Calcium ions / Calcium signalling / Cell lines / Cell membranes / Cells / Chemistry / Chemistry and Materials Science / Cultivars / Evaluation / Exosomes / Extracellular vesicles / Fibroblasts / Flowers & plants / Fruits / Genetic aspects / Genotype & phenotype / Humans / Inflammation / International economic relations / Intracellular / Intracellular signalling / Lipidomic / Lipids / Malus - metabolism / MicroRNA / Microscopy / miRNA / Molecular Medicine / Nanotechnology / Organelles / Organic farming / Plant physiology / Plant-derived extracellular vesicles / Plants / Production methods / Proteins / Proteomic / Proteomics / Reactive oxygen species / RNA sequencing / Scientific equipment and supplies industry / Signal Transduction / Sulfinpyrazone / Vegetables / Women in Nanobiotechnology