Journal Article

Increased migration of antigen presenting cells to newly-formed lymphatic vessels in transplanted kidneys by glycol-split heparin

Yazdani, Saleh, Katta, Kirankumar, Adepu, Saritha, Boersema, Miriam, van Goor, Harry, van den Born, Jacob, Stegeman, Coen, Hillebrands, Jan-Luuk, Talsma, Ditmer T., Naggi, Annamaria, Torri, Giangiacomo, Navis, Gerjan

2017

Overview

Chronic renal transplant dysfunction is characterized by loss of renal function and tissue remodeling, including chronic inflammation and lymph vessel formation. Proteoglycans are known for their chemokine presenting capacity. We hypothesize that interruption of the lymphatic chemokine-proteoglycan interaction interferes with the lymphatic outflow of leukocytes from the renal graft and might decrease the anti-graft allo-immune response. In a rat renal chronic transplant dysfunction model (female Dark-Agouti to male Wistar Furth), chemokines were profiled by qRT-PCR in microdissected tubulo-interstitial tissue. Disruption of lymphatic chemokine-proteoglycan interaction was studied by (non-anticoagulant) heparin-derived polysaccharides in vitro and in renal allografts. The renal allograft function was assessed by rise in plasma creatinine and urea. Within newly-formed lymph vessels of transplanted kidneys, numerous CD45+ leukocytes were found, mainly MHCII+, ED-1-, IDO-, HIS14-, CD103- antigen presenting cells, most likely representing a subset of dendritic cells. Treatment of transplanted rats with regular heparin and two different (non-)anticoagulant heparin derivatives revealed worsening of kidney function only in the glycol-split heparin treated group despite a two-fold reduction of tubulo-interstitial leukocytes (p<0.02). Quantitative digital image analysis however revealed increased numbers of intra-lymphatic antigen-presenting cells only in the glycol-split heparin group (p<0.01). The number of intra-lymphatic leukocytes significantly correlates with plasma creatinine and urea, and inversely with creatinine clearance. Treatment of transplanted rats with glycol-split heparin significantly increases the number of intra-lymphatic antigen presenting cells, by increased renal diffusion of lymphatic chemokines, thereby increasing the activation and recruitment of antigen presenting cells towards the lymph vessel. This effect is unwanted in the transplantation setting, but might be advantageous in e.g., dendritic cell vaccination.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Allografts / Analysis / Animals / Anticoagulants / Antigen presenting cells / Antigen-Presenting Cells - cytology / Antigens / Biology / Biology and Life Sciences / CD103 antigen / CD45 antigen / Cell Movement / Chemokines / Creatinine / Cytokines / Dendritic cells / Derivatives / Development and progression / Diffusion / Digital imaging / Disruption / Endothelium / Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Female / Genetic aspects / Glycols - chemistry / Graft rejection / Grafting / Heparin / Heparin - chemistry / Heparin - pharmacology / Image analysis / Image processing / Immune clearance / Immune response / Immune system / Immunohistochemistry / In vitro methods and tests / Inflammation / Interruption / Kidney Transplantation / Kidneys / Leukocyte migration / Leukocytes / Lymph / Lymphatic system / Lymphatic Vessels - cytology / Male / Medical prognosis / Medicine and Health Sciences / Molecular weight / Nephrology / Pathology / Patient outcomes / Physiological aspects / Polymerase chain reaction / Polysaccharides / Proteoglycans / Rats / Rats, Wistar / Renal function / Saccharides / Studies / Transplantation / Transplants & implants / Urea / Vaccination / Vessels