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ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques
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Journal Article
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques
2020
Overview
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019
1
,
2
and is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
3
. Vaccines are an essential countermeasure and are urgently needed to control the pandemic
4
. Here we show that the adenovirus-vector-based vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, which encodes the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, is immunogenic in mice and elicites a robust humoral and cell-mediated response. This response was predominantly mediated by type-1 T helper cells, as demonstrated by the profiling of the IgG subclass and the expression of cytokines. Vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (using either a prime-only or a prime–boost regimen) induced a balanced humoral and cellular immune response of type-1 and type-2 T helper cells in rhesus macaques. We observed a significantly reduced viral load in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lower respiratory tract tissue of vaccinated rhesus macaques that were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 compared with control animals, and no pneumonia was observed in vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected animals. However, there was no difference in nasal shedding between vaccinated and control SARS-CoV-2-infected macaques. Notably, we found no evidence of immune-enhanced disease after viral challenge in vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected animals. The safety, immunogenicity and efficacy profiles of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 against symptomatic PCR-positive COVID-19 disease will now be assessed in randomized controlled clinical trials in humans.
The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 induces an immune response in rhesus macaques and leads to reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in respiratory tissues and an absence of pneumonia, but not to a reduction in nasal virus shedding, compared with unvaccinated animals.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ 13/106
/ 13/31
/ 13/51
/ 14/63
/ 64/60
/ Alveoli
/ Analysis
/ Animals
/ Betacoronavirus - immunology
/ Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
/ Bronchus
/ Control
/ Coronavirus Infections - genetics
/ Coronavirus Infections - immunology
/ Coronavirus Infections - prevention & control
/ Coronavirus Infections - virology
/ COVID-19
/ Female
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Immune response (cell-mediated)
/ Immunoglobulin G - immunology
/ Male
/ Mice
/ Middle East respiratory syndrome
/ Pandemics - prevention & control
/ Pneumonia, Viral - immunology
/ Pneumonia, Viral - prevention & control
/ Rodents
/ Science
/ Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
/ Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - genetics
/ Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
/ Testing
/ Vaccines
