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Genomic diversity and signatures of selection in meat and fancy rabbit breeds based on high-density marker data
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Genomic diversity and signatures of selection in meat and fancy rabbit breeds based on high-density marker data
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Journal Article
Genomic diversity and signatures of selection in meat and fancy rabbit breeds based on high-density marker data
2022
Overview
Background
Domestication of the rabbit (
Oryctolagus cuniculus
) has led to a multi-purpose species that includes many breeds and lines with a broad phenotypic diversity, mainly for external traits (e.g. coat colours and patterns, fur structure, and morphometric traits) that are valued by fancy rabbit breeders. As a consequence of this human-driven selection, distinct signatures are expected to be present in the rabbit genome, defined as signatures of selection or selective sweeps. Here, we investigated the genome of three Italian commercial meat rabbit breeds (Italian Silver, Italian Spotted and Italian White) and 12 fancy rabbit breeds (Belgian Hare, Burgundy Fawn, Champagne d’Argent, Checkered Giant, Coloured Dwarf, Dwarf Lop, Ermine, Giant Grey, Giant White, Rex, Rhinelander and Thuringian) by using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism data. Signatures of selection were identified based on the fixation index (F
ST
) statistic with different approaches, including single-breed and group-based methods, the latter comparing breeds that are grouped based on external traits (different coat colours and body sizes) and types (i.e. meat vs. fancy breeds).
Results
We identified 309 genomic regions that contained signatures of selection and that included genes that are known to affect coat colour (
ASIP
,
MC1R
and
TYR
), coat structure (
LIPH
), and body size (
LCORL
/
NCAPG
,
COL11A1
and
HOXD
) in rabbits and that characterize the investigated breeds. Their identification proves the suitability of the applied methodologies for capturing recent selection events. Other regions included novel candidate genes that might contribute to the phenotypic variation among the analyzed breeds, including genes for pigmentation-related traits (
EDNRA
,
EDNRB
,
MITF
and
OCA2
) and body size, with a strong candidate for dwarfism in rabbit (
COL2A1
).
Conclusions
We report a genome-wide view of genetic loci that underlie the main phenotypic differences in the analyzed rabbit breeds, which can be useful to understand the shift from the domestication process to the development of breeds in
O. cuniculus
. These results enhance our knowledge about the major genetic loci involved in rabbit external traits and add novel information to understand the complexity of the genetic architecture underlying body size in mammals.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
/ Albinism
/ Analysis
/ Animal Genetics and Genomics
/ Animals
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Color
/ Density
/ dwarfing
/ Dwarfism
/ fawns
/ France
/ fur
/ Genes
/ Genome
/ Genomes
/ Genomics
/ Hair
/ Loci
/ Meat
/ Mutation
/ Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
/ Rabbits
/ Single nucleotide polymorphisms
/ Single-nucleotide polymorphism
/ Software
