Journal Article

Research on the correlation between retinal vascular parameters and axial length in children using an AI-based fundus image analysis system

Yuan, Ziyou, Yang, Zihan, Hao, Shaofeng, Tong, Qian, Wang, Tiantian, Zhao, Chaoyang, Li, Huilin, Wang, Yan

2025

Overview

This study aims to utilize artificial intelligence technology to conduct an in-depth analysis of fundus data from myopic children and adolescents, thoroughly exploring the correlation between retinal vascular parameters and axial length (AL), and ultimately revealing the changing patterns of retinal vascular characteristics in children with different refractive errors. The findings aim to provide a scientific basis for the prevention, early screening, and formulation of personalized treatment strategies for myopia. The study selected 124 students from Jiandong Primary School in Changzhi City who underwent myopia prevention and control screening. Their axial length data were recorded, and fundus photographs were taken using the Topcon TNF506 non-mydriatic fundus camera. Subsequently, these fundus images were meticulously analyzed using the EVision AI fundus image analysis system, which is a commercial software that employs pre-trained algorithms to automatically extract retinal vascular parameters.Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to analyze the correlation between retinal vascular parameters and axial length, and multiple linear regression analysis was further conducted to explore their intrinsic associations. The study found that in the low myopia group, axial length was significantly negatively correlated with various retinal vascular parameters, including the average diameters of arteries and veins, average vascular tortuosity, atrophy arc area, and leopard spot density. In the moderate to high myopia group, axial length also showed significant negative correlations with the average diameter of arteries, some average venous tortuosity, and average vascular diameter. However, fractal dimension of vessels and average branch angle did not show significant changes across all myopia groups. This study clearly demonstrates a significant correlation between axial length and retinal vascular parameters, with notable differences in this correlation among children with different refractive errors. These findings not only provide a new perspective for understanding the pathological mechanisms of myopia but also offer important scientific evidence for the development of more precise and personalized myopia prevention and control strategies in the future. They have potential guiding significance for clinical practice and policy formulation.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Adolescent / Algorithms / Arteries / Artificial Intelligence / Atrophy / Axial Length, Eye - diagnostic imaging / Axial Length, Eye - pathology / Biology and Life Sciences / Blood vessels / Cardiovascular disease / Care and treatment / Child / Children / Children & youth / Childrens health / Computer and Information Sciences / Coordinate transformations / Correlation coefficient / Correlation coefficients / Customization / Diagnosis / Diameters / Disease prevention / Errors / Female / Fractal geometry / Fractals / Fundus Oculi / Health aspects / Humans / Image analysis / Image processing / Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - methods / Male / Medical examination / Medicine and Health Sciences / Morphology / Myopia / Myopia - diagnostic imaging / Myopia - pathology / Parameters / Physical Sciences / Prevention / Quantitative analysis / Regression analysis / Retina / Retinal Vessels - diagnostic imaging / Retinal Vessels - pathology / Students / Systemic diseases / Teenagers / Tortuosity / Type 2 diabetes / Vision disorders in children