Journal Article

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Malaria Vector Control Measures in Urban Settings of Dakar by a Specific Anopheles Salivary Biomarker

Dos Santos, Stephanie, Cornelie, Sylvie, Diallo, Abdoulaye, Remoue, Franck, Boussari, Olayide, Lalou, Richard, Drame, Papa Makhtar, Poinsignon, Anne, Machault, Vanessa, LeHesran, Jean-Yves

2013

Overview

Standard entomological methods for evaluating the impact of vector control lack sensitivity in low-malaria-risk areas. The detection of human IgG specific to Anopheles gSG6-P1 salivary antigen reflects a direct measure of human-vector contact. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a range of vector control measures (VCMs) in urban settings by using this biomarker approach. The study was conducted from October to December 2008 on 2,774 residents of 45 districts of urban Dakar. IgG responses to gSG6-P1 and the use of malaria VCMs highly varied between districts. At the district level, specific IgG levels significantly increased with age and decreased with season and with VCM use. The use of insecticide-treated nets, by drastically reducing specific IgG levels, was by far the most efficient VCM regardless of age, season or exposure level to mosquito bites. The use of spray bombs was also associated with a significant reduction of specific IgG levels, whereas the use of mosquito coils or electric fans/air conditioning did not show a significant effect. Human IgG response to gSG6-P1 as biomarker of vector exposure represents a reliable alternative for accurately assessing the effectiveness of malaria VCM in low-malaria-risk areas. This biomarker tool could be especially relevant for malaria control monitoring and surveillance programmes in low-exposure/low-transmission settings.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Adolescent / Adult / Air conditioners / Air conditioning / Analysis / Animals / Anopheles / Anopheles - immunology / Aquatic insects / Bioindicators / Biology / Biomarkers / Bites / Bites (Injuries) / Bombs / Chemical reduction / Child / Child, Preschool / Coiling / Disease transmission / Effectiveness / Electric contacts / Epidemiology / Evaluation / Exposure / Female / Health risks / Human behavior / Human health and pathology / Humans / Immunoglobulin G / Immunoglobulin G - blood / Infectious diseases / Insect bites / Insect Bites and Stings - epidemiology / Insect Bites and Stings - immunology / Insect Proteins - immunology / Insect Repellents - pharmacology / Insect Vectors - immunology / Insecticide-Treated Bednets / Insecticides / Life Sciences / Malaria / Malaria - prevention & control / Male / Medicine / Mosquito Control / Mosquitoes / Salivary Proteins and Peptides - immunology / Santé publique et épidémiologie / Senegal / Sensitivity analysis / Urban areas / Urban environments / Urban Population / Urbanization / Vector-borne diseases