Journal Article

Strong Effects of Temperature on the Early Life Stages of a Cold Stenothermal Fish Species, Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.)

Pasquet, Alain, Realis, Emilie, Fontaine, Pascal, de Charleroy, Daniel, Teletchea, Fabrice, Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA)

2016

Overview

Temperature is the main abiotic factor that influences the life cycle of poikilotherms. The present study investigated the thermal tolerance and phenotypic plasticity of several parameters (development time, morphometric measures, bioenergetics) for both embryos and fry of a cold stenothermal fish species, brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in order to allow for a holistic evaluation of the potential effects of temperature. Five temperatures (4°C, 6°C, 8°C, 10°C, and 12°C) were tested, and the effects of temperature were analyzed at three stages: hatching, emergence, and first food intake. A mean of 5,440 (S.E. ± 573) eggs, coming from seven females and seven males (seven families) captured close to Linkebeek (Belgium), were used for each temperature. Maximum survival of well-formed fry at first food intake and better use of energy budget were found at 6°C and 8°C, temperatures at which the possible contribution to the next generation should therefore be greatest. At 12°C, the experimental population fell dramatically (0.9% survival rate for well-formed fry at first food intake), and fry had almost no yolk sac at first food intake. The present results on survival at 12°C are in accordance with predictions of a sharp decrease in brown trout numbers in France over the coming decades according to climate change projections (1°C to 5°C temperature rise by 2100 for France). At 10°C, there was also a lower survival rate (55.4% at first food intake). At 4°C, the survival rate was high (76.4% at first food intake), but the deformity rate was much higher (22% at first food intake) than at 6°C, 8°C, and 10°C. The energetic budget showed that at the two extreme temperatures (4°C and 12°C) there was less energy left in the yolk sac at first food intake, suggesting a limited ability to survive starvation.

• Publisher: CCSD,Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Abiotic factors / Analysis / Animal biology / Animals / Biodiversity / Bioenergetics / Biology and Life Sciences / Climate change / Cold / Cold Temperature / Creeks & streams / Deformation / Developmental plasticity / Earth Sciences / Eating / Ecosystem components / Ecosystems / Eggs / Embryos / Energy budget / Energy consumption / Energy Metabolism / Engraulis mordax / Environmental aspects / Female / Females / Fertilization / Fish / Fish eggs / Fishes / Food / Food intake / Global temperature changes / Glyptocephalus cynoglossus / Hatching / Laboratories / Life cycle engineering / Life Cycle Stages - physiology / Life cycles / Life Sciences / Male / Males / People and Places / Phenotypic plasticity / Poikilotherms / Principal Component Analysis / Research and Analysis Methods / Salmo salar / Salmo trutta / Sander lucioperca / Species Specificity / Starvation / Studies / Survival / Survival Rate / Temperature / Temperature effects / Temperature extremes / Temperature rise / Temperature tolerance / Thermal stress / Time Factors / Trout / Trout - anatomy & histology / Trout - growth & development / Trout - physiology / Yolk / Yolk sac
• ISBN: 0003765886001