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Standardisation of Natural Dyeing of Cotton with Catechu using Gallnut and Potash-Alum as Dual Bio-Mordants and Evaluation of Its Antimicrobial and UV Resistance Properties with Eucalyptus Bio-Finish
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Standardisation of Natural Dyeing of Cotton with Catechu using Gallnut and Potash-Alum as Dual Bio-Mordants and Evaluation of Its Antimicrobial and UV Resistance Properties with Eucalyptus Bio-Finish
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Standardisation of Natural Dyeing of Cotton with Catechu using Gallnut and Potash-Alum as Dual Bio-Mordants and Evaluation of Its Antimicrobial and UV Resistance Properties with Eucalyptus Bio-Finish
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Journal Article
Standardisation of Natural Dyeing of Cotton with Catechu using Gallnut and Potash-Alum as Dual Bio-Mordants and Evaluation of Its Antimicrobial and UV Resistance Properties with Eucalyptus Bio-Finish
2025
Overview
Cotton fabrics were double pre-mordanted with natural potash alum and tannin-rich gallnut (Quercus infectoria), acting in combinations as dual-bio-mordants for dyeing it with tannin-rich catechu natural dye extract. This study confirmed that K-Alum and gallnut dual-bio-mordanting, followed by dyeing it with catechu extract, formed a bigger giant water-insoluble complex of [Cotton-Al-Gallo-tannins-Catechin] and produced an orangish brown colour shade on cotton. The said dual pre-mordanted cotton using overall 15% [K-alum+gallnut in 75:25 proportion], applied one by one in the sequence, was found to offer maximum colour strength (K/S 12.19 and average to good colour fastness to wash, UV–light, and rubbing, improving 1/2 to 1 grade. Finally, all the conditions of dyeing parameters were standardised for the said overall 15% (K-Alum+Gallnut in 75:25 ratio) dual-pre mordanted cotton fabrics for dyeing with catechu and the standardised dyeing conditions found are––30% concentration of catechu extract, pH 4.0 for dye bath, 1:20 MLR, 60 min time of dyeing and 70 °C temperature of dyeing and 5gpl salt concentration, to obtain maximum colour strength up to 12.19 with CV% of K/S within 5% indicating more uniform colour. Moreover, a good degree of bacterial reduction up to 80–85% and a reasonable degree of UV–resistant properties, UPF value up to 30 can be achieved, for such 30% catechu-dyed cotton after overall 15% K-alum and Gallnut (75:25) dual pre-mordanting. Further 10% aqueous extract of Eucalyptus leaves applied as a bio-finish by pad-dry-cure process do not alter the colour strength much, but bacterial reduction is improved up to 90–95% with UPF value improved up to 40. This work is thus considered useful for producing uniform, reproducible deep shades for such catechu dyed cotton fabric-based medical textiles for use in improving the wellness behaviour of human wearers.
