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Prevalence, Potential Risks, and Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. Infesting Captive Houbara Bustard
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Prevalence, Potential Risks, and Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. Infesting Captive Houbara Bustard
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Prevalence, Potential Risks, and Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. Infesting Captive Houbara Bustard
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Journal Article
Prevalence, Potential Risks, and Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. Infesting Captive Houbara Bustard
2025
Overview
ABSTRACT Defining the enteric flora of clinically healthy bacterial captive houbara bustards as well as their antibiotic resistance is a critical step to understand the epidemiology of bacterial diseases. An investigation was carried out to identify the intestinal Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. associated with houbara bustards in captivity and to determine if they are resistant to the currently available antimicrobials. A total of 105 bacterial isolates were recovered by culture-based methods, and bacterial identification revealed that 55.23% (58/105) of them were S. aureus. There were 40.95 % (43/105) samples that contained Salmonella sp. Trends in potential risk factor analysis found male birds (OR=3.18), open environment (OR=1.14), poultry feed (OR=3.12), and winter season (OR=4.23) to be potential risks for getting Salmonella infection. On the other hands, male birds (OR=1.26), natural environment (OR=1.98), poulty feed (OR=5.77), and winter season (OR=1.05) were potential risk factors associated with S. aureus infection. As a result of antimicrobial susceptibility tests, strains displayed multidrug resistance phenotypes against a variety of antimicrobials. The current study showed Staph. aureus to be highly sensitive to Septran (trimethoprim + sulphamethoxazole) (80%), enrofloxacin (70%), ciprofloxacin (70%), fusidic acid (60%), amikacin (60%), and cefoxitin (60%). Trends in relative percentage of resistant strains were higher in case of Salmonella while in case of Staph. aureus, intermediate and sensitive strains showed higher relative changes in percentages. The strength of variation on overall basis in terms of percentages was higher in Salmonella compared to that of S. aureus. The study thus concluded increasing prevalence, decreasing window of potential effects of antibiotics, and increasing potential risks which invites to keep stern preventive measures intact.
