Journal Article

Dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction of triazole fungicides based on polybenzidine/magnetic nanoparticles in environmental samples

Shahsavani, Abolfath, Fakhari, Ali Reza, Aladaghlo, Zolfaghar

2023

Overview

A polybenzidine-modified Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 nanocomposite was successfully synthesized through a chemical oxidation method and employed as a novel sorbent in dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction (DMSPE) for the preconcentration and determination of three triazole fungicides (TFs), namely diniconazole, tebuconazole, and triticonazole in river water, rice paddy soil, and grape samples. The synthesis method involved a polybenzidine self-assembly coating on Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 magnetic composite. Characterization techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, and VSM were used to confirm the correctness of the synthesized nano-sorbent. The target TFs were determined in actual samples using the synthesized nanocomposite sorbent in combination with gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (FID). Several variables were carefully optimized , including the sample pH, sorbent dosage, extraction time, ionic strength, and desorption condition (solvent type, volume, and time). Under the optimized experimental conditions, the method exhibited linearity in the concentration range 5–1000 ng mL −1 for triticonazole and 2–1000 ng mL −1 for diniconazole and tebuconazole. The limits of detection (LOD) for the three TFs were in the range 0.6–1.5 ng mL −1 . The method demonstrated acceptable precision with intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) values of less than 6.5%. The enrichment factors ranged from 248 to 254. Finally, the method applicability was evaluated by determining TFs in river water, rice paddy soil, and grape samples with recoveries in the range 90.5–106, indicating that the matrix effect was negligible in the proposed DMSPE procedure. Graphical Abstract

• Publisher: Springer Vienna,Springer,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Agriculture / Analytical Chemistry / Characterization and Evaluation of Materials / Chemical synthesis / Chemistry / Chemistry and Materials Science / Chromatography / Coatings / Ethanol / Flame ionization / Fungicides / Gas chromatography / Grapes / Ionic strength / Ionization / Iron oxides / Magnetic fields / Mass spectrometry / Microengineering / Nanochemistry / Nanocomposites / Nanoparticles / Nanotechnology / Original Paper / Oxidation / Polymers / Rice fields / Scientific imaging / Self-assembly / Sensors / Silicon dioxide / Solid phases / Sorbents / Tebuconazole / Temperature / Triazoles / Triticonazole