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Do prospective payment systems (PPSs) lead to desirable providers’ incentives and patients’ outcomes? A systematic review of evidence from developing countries
Do prospective payment systems (PPSs) lead to desirable providers’ incentives and patients’ outcomes? A systematic review of evidence from developing countries
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Do prospective payment systems (PPSs) lead to desirable providers’ incentives and patients’ outcomes? A systematic review of evidence from developing countries
Do prospective payment systems (PPSs) lead to desirable providers’ incentives and patients’ outcomes? A systematic review of evidence from developing countries

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Do prospective payment systems (PPSs) lead to desirable providers’ incentives and patients’ outcomes? A systematic review of evidence from developing countries
Do prospective payment systems (PPSs) lead to desirable providers’ incentives and patients’ outcomes? A systematic review of evidence from developing countries
Journal Article

Do prospective payment systems (PPSs) lead to desirable providers’ incentives and patients’ outcomes? A systematic review of evidence from developing countries

2018
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Overview
The reform of provider payment systems, from retrospective to prospective payment, has been heralded as the right move to contain costs in the light of rising health expenditures in many countries. However, there are concerns on quality trade-off. The heightened attention given to prospective payment system (PPS) reforms and the rise of empirical evidence regarding PPS interventions among developing countries suggest that a systematic review is necessary to understand the effects of PPS reforms in developing countries. A systematic search of 14 databases and a hand search of health policy journals and grey literature from October to November 2016 were carried out, guided by a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted based on the Consolidated Health Economics Evaluation Reporting Standards checklist. Drummond’s 10-item checklist for economic evaluation, Cochrane Collaboration’s tool in assessing risk of bias for randomized trials, and Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions were used to critically appraise the evidence. A total of 12 studies reported in China, Thailand and Vietnam were included in this review. Substantial heterogeneity was present in PPS policy design across different localities. PPS interventions were found to have reduced health expenditures on both the supply and demand side, as well as length of stay and readmission rates. In addition, PPS generally improved service quality outcomes by reducing the likelihood or percentage of physicians prescribing unnecessary drugs and diagnostic procedures. PPS is a promising policy tool for middle-income countries to achieve reasonable health policy objectives in terms of cost containment without necessarily compromising the quality of care. More evaluations of PPS will need to be conducted in the future in order to broaden the evidence base beyond middle-income countries. 卫生服务提供者付费制度从后付费变为预付费, 在许多国家医 疗支出增长的情况下, 这一改革被称为控制成本的正确之举。 但有疑虑指出质量可能会因此下降。对预付费制度 (PPS) 改革的关注增加, 并且也积累了发展中国家PPS 干预的实证 证据, 因此有必要进行系统综述来了解发展中国家PPS改革的 效果。根据纳入和排除标准, 我们从2016 年10 月至11 月对 14 个数据库进行了系统检索, 同时对卫生政策期刊和灰色文 献进行了手动检索。根据卫生经济学评价报告标准共识清单 提取数据。根据 Drummond 的经济学评价10 条目清单、 Cochrane 联盟随机研究偏倚风险评估工具和非随机干预研究 偏倚风险评估工具对证据质量进行评估。综述共纳入12项中 国、泰国和越南的研究。不同地区报告的 PPS 政策设计呈现 显著异质性。PPS 干预从供给侧和需求侧同时减少了卫生支 出, 缩短了住院时间, 降低了再住院率。此外, 通过减少不必 要处方和诊断检查, PPS 普遍改善了服务质量。中等收入国家 可使用 PPS 这一政策工具实现控制成本的合理卫生政策目标, 同时不损及卫生服务质量。未来还需要更多的 PPS 评估来将 产生中等收入国家以外的证据。 La reforma de los sistemas de pago a los proveedores, desde el pago retrospectivo hasta el pago prospectivo, ha sido anunciada como el movimiento correcto para contener los costos a la luz de los crecientes gastos de salud en muchos países. Sin embargo, existen preocupaciones sobre la compensación de la calidad. La mayor atención prestada a las reformas del sistema de pago prospectivo (SPP) y el aumento de la evidencia empírica con respecto a las intervenciones del SPP entre los países en desarrollo sugieren que es necesaria una revisión sistemática para comprender los efectos de las reformas del SPP en los países en desarrollo. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda sistemática de 14 bases de datos y una búsqueda manual de revistas de políticas de salud y literatura gris de octubre a noviembre de 2016, guiadas por un conjunto de criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los datos fueron extraídos con base en la lista de verificación de los Estándares Consolidados de Informes de Evaluación de la Economía de la Salud. Para evaluar críticamente la evidencia se usaron la lista de 10 elementos de Drummond para la evaluación económica, la herramienta de la Colaboración Cochrane para evaluar el riesgo de sesgo para los ensayos aleatorizados y el Riesgo de Sesgo en los Estudios No-aleatorizados de las Intervenciones. Un total de 12 estudios reportados en China, Tailandia y Vietnam se incluyeron en esta revisión. La heterogeneidad sustancial estuvo presente en el diseño de políticas de SPP en diferentes localidades. Se encontró que las intervenciones de SPP habían reducido los gastos de salud tanto en el lado de la oferta como en el de la demanda, así como también la duración de la estadía y las tasas de readmisión. Además, el SPP generalmente mejoró los resultados de calidad del servicio al reducir la probabilidad o el porcentaje de médicos que prescriben medicamentos y procedimientos de diagnóstico innecesarios. El SPP es una herramienta de política prometedora para que los países de medianos ingresos alcancen objetivos razonables de política de salud en términos de contención de costos sin comprometer necesariamente la calidad de la atención. Se necesitarán más evaluaciones del SPP en el futuro a fin de ampliar la base de la evidencia más all á de los países de medianos ingresos.