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Journal Article
Optimizing thiamine pyrophosphate metabolism enhances crop yield and quality
2025
Overview
Global food security requires sustainable strategies to improve crop yield and nutrition. Although thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), the active form of vitamin B1, plays a central role in energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, and carbon assimilation, its contribution to crop yield and quality remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that
ZmTPK2
, a thiamine pyrophosphokinase encoded by the major ear length QTL
qKB6.2a
, is a key regulator of maize yield. We reveal that
ZmTPK2
-dependent TPP homeostasis synchronizes three cornerstones of plant metabolism: mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity, chloroplast-mediated carbon fixation, and nitrogen utilization. Both overexpression and knockout of
ZmTPK2
disrupt yield and grain quality, revealing that optimal TPP levels are required for productivity. Exogenous TPP supplementation increases grain yield in maize, rice, and rapeseed up to 9.8%. These findings identify TPP metabolism as a key regulatory pathway for metabolic engineering, biofortification, and global food security solutions.
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is the biologically active form of vitamin B1 and servers as an essential metabolic cofactor regulating energy production, redox homeostasis, and carbon assimilation. Here, the authors show that optimizing TPP metabolism can enhance yield and quality in maize, rice and rapeseed.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 38/23
/ 38/44
/ 38/77
/ 38/91
/ 42
/ 45
/ 45/22
/ 45/23
/ 49
/ Carbon
/ Cloning
/ Corn
/ Crops, Agricultural - genetics
/ Crops, Agricultural - growth & development
/ Crops, Agricultural - metabolism
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
/ Grain
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Mutation
/ Oryza - growth & development
/ Plants, Genetically Modified
/ Quantitative Trait Loci - genetics
/ Rapeseed
/ Rice
/ Science
/ Thiamin Pyrophosphokinase - genetics
/ Thiamin Pyrophosphokinase - metabolism
/ Thiamine
/ Thiamine Pyrophosphate - metabolism
