Journal Article

A roadmap for survey designs in terrestrial acoustic monitoring

Sugai, Larissa Sayuri Moreira, Silva, Thiago Sanna Freire, Llusia, Diego, Lecours, Vincent, Pettorelli, Nathalie, Desjonquères, Camille

2020

Overview

Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is increasingly popular in ecological research and conservation programs, with high‐volume and long‐term data collection provided by automatized acoustic sensors offering unprecedented opportunities for faunal and ecosystem surveys. Practitioners and newcomers interested in PAM can easily find technical specifications for acoustic sensors and microphones, but guidelines on how to plan survey designs are largely scattered over the literature. Here, we (i) review spatial and temporal sampling designs used in passive acoustic monitoring, (ii) provide a synthesis of the crucial aspects of PAM survey design and (iii) propose a workflow to optimize recording autonomy and recording schedules. From 1992 to 2018, most of the 460 studies applying PAM in terrestrial environments have used a single recorder per site, covered broad spatial scales and rotated recorders between sites to optimize sampling effort. Continuous recording of specific diel periods was the main recording procedure used. When recording schedules were applied, a larger number of recordings per hour was generally associated with a smaller recording length. For PAM survey design, we proposed to (i) estimate memory/battery autonomy and associated costs, (ii) assess signal detectability to optimize recording schedules in order to recover maximum biological information and (iii) evaluate cost‐benefit scenarios between sampling effort and budget to address potential biases from a given PAM survey design. Establishing standards for PAM data collection will improve the quality of inferences over the broad scope of PAM research and promote essential standardization for cross‐scale research to understand long‐term biodiversity trends in a changing world. We review and synthesise main aspects of spatial and temporal designs used in passive acoustic monitoring applied to ecological research. To promote integrative and cross‐scale research, we compile cautionary suggestions to plan survey designs while accounting for species detectability and workable budget. These procedures support optimising research in the broad scope of applications with acoustic monitoring.

• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc,Wiley
• Subject: Acoustic monitoring / acoustic recorders / Acoustic surveying / Acoustics / Animal behavior / Automation / Autonomy / Biodiversity / Cost assessments / Data collection / Design standards / Ecological research / Habitats / Literature reviews / Microphones / Monitoring / Polls & surveys / Recording / recording schedules / Recording sessions / recording settings / Sampling / Sampling designs / Schedules / Sensors / Standardization / temporal sampling / Terrestrial environments / wildlife survey / Workflow