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Soft magnetic microrobots with remote sensing and communication capabilities
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Journal Article
Soft magnetic microrobots with remote sensing and communication capabilities
2025
Overview
Remote communication in small-scale robotics offers a powerful way to enhance their capabilities, introducing options for state monitoring, multi-agent collaboration, and autonomous operation. Integrating common remote communication tools, such as antennas, into microrobots is challenging with conventional design and manufacturing techniques. We propose a concept that integrates shape-reconfigurable soft microrobots with flexible electronics, leveraging their elastic mechanical properties to enable remote communication. This approach, based on photolithography processes, is scalable and adaptable to various sensing applications. As a proof of concept, we present a microrobot, which integrates a thermoresponsive magnetic hydrogel, an anisotropic support structure, and a flexible dipole antenna into a cohesive three-layered design. The microrobot can morph from a helical shape at low-temperatures to a planar shape at high-temperatures. This shape transformation can be remotely detected by external radio communication receivers, enabling shape-state recognition and environmental temperature sensing. Furthermore, we show that the collective behavior of multiple microrobots enhances the recognition performance by amplifying the signal. The concept represents a significant advancement in co-engineering smart materials and flexible electronics, illustrating an approach of microrobotic embodied intelligence by integrating environmental monitoring, magnetic navigation, and remote signaling.
Real-time recognition of microrobot state remains challenging due to their small size and imaging limitations. The authors integrate flexible RF antennas into shape-reconfigurable soft microrobots, enabling remote detection of shape transformations.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
