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G9a is essential for epigenetic silencing of K+ channel genes in acute-to-chronic pain transition
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G9a is essential for epigenetic silencing of K+ channel genes in acute-to-chronic pain transition
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Journal Article
G9a is essential for epigenetic silencing of K+ channel genes in acute-to-chronic pain transition
2015
Overview
Chronic neuropathic pain is associated with K
+
channel downregulation in primary sensory neurons. The authors show that G9a, a histone-modifying enzyme, is required for transcriptional repression of K
+
channel–associated gene families caused by nerve injury. G9a in primary sensory neurons is a key epigenetic regulator involved in acute-to-chronic pain transition.
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating clinical problem and difficult to treat. Nerve injury causes a long-lasting reduction in K
+
channel expression in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), but little is known about the epigenetic mechanisms involved. We found that nerve injury increased dimethylation of Lys9 on histone H3 (H3K9me2) at
Kcna4
,
Kcnd2
,
Kcnq2
and
Kcnma1
promoters but did not affect levels of DNA methylation on these genes in DRGs. Nerve injury increased activity of euchromatic histone-lysine
N
-methyltransferase-2 (G9a), histone deacetylases and enhancer of zeste homolog-2 (EZH2), but only G9a inhibition consistently restored K
+
channel expression. Selective knockout of the gene encoding G9a in DRG neurons completely blocked K
+
channel silencing and chronic pain development after nerve injury. Remarkably, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that G9a inhibition not only reactivated 40 of 42 silenced genes associated with K
+
channels but also normalized 638 genes down- or upregulated by nerve injury. Thus G9a has a dominant function in transcriptional repression of K
+
channels and in acute-to-chronic pain transition after nerve injury.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group US,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ 64/110
/ 82/51
/ Animal Genetics and Genomics
/ Animals
/ Epigenesis, Genetic - genetics
/ Female
/ Genes
/ Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase - deficiency
/ Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase - genetics
/ Male
/ Mice
/ Potassium Channels - deficiency
/ Potassium Channels - genetics
/ Proteins
/ Rats
/ Surgery
